Online Casino Laws by Country: 195-Country Atlas

[{"id":"af","name":"Afghanistan","iso":"AF","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Southern Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"unclear","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":0,"medium":3,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Enforcement","text":"The Ministry states enforcers may act against public offences and impose listed warnings/sanctions; applicability to private online casino activity is not established."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Ministry of Justice official publication of court criminal code in Gazette 1486 (2026)","publisher":"Afghanistan de facto Ministry of Justice","url":"https://moj.gov.af/index.php/en/node/4762","tier":"Tier 3 Government"},{"title":"Ministry of Justice statement on Law of Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice, Gazette No.1452","publisher":"Afghanistan de facto Ministry of Justice","url":"https://moj.gov.af/dr/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81-%D9%88-%D9%86%D9%87%DB%8C-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%B1-%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B0-%D9%88-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AC%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C-%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1-%D8%B4%D8%AF","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"al","name":"Albania","iso":"AL","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Southern Europe","model":"unclear","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_established","age":21,"sources":3,"claims":10,"confidence":{"high":7,"medium":3,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"AMLF's official pages still state that it has not licensed any operator in the \"Lojëra Fati Online\" (online gambling) category, and its online sports-betting list is also empty."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"2024 reform creates a licensing category for online SPORTS bets on future sport events; that category is not an online casino licence."},{"label":"Prohibited Products","text":"The confirmed online-sports product definition excludes using the same licence as authority for virtual slots or roulette."},{"label":"Advertising","text":"Online sports-betting advertising is specially restricted in broadcaster schedules; the rule is sports-only and cannot be generalized to remote casino advertising."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Albanian Gambling Law No.155/2015, consolidated, official legislative record","publisher":"Qendra e Botimeve Zyrtare (QBZ)","url":"https://qbz.gov.al/eli/ligj/2015/12/21/155","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Law No.18/2024 amendments to Gambling Law 155/2015 , official QBZ PDF","publisher":"QBZ Albania","url":"https://qbz.gov.al/pdf/70de44b813825932debbc40950e18ee0a0a1f283bf14da9a1b5038811067a116.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"AMLF public notice on unlicensed online gambling advertising (28 April 2026)","publisher":"Autoriteti i Mbikëqyrjes së Lojërave të Fatit (AMLF)","url":"https://amlf.gov.al/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"dz","name":"Algeria","iso":"DZ","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Northern Africa","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":1,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":1,"medium":2,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Algeria prohibits electronic-commerce transactions involving games of chance, betting and lotteries."},{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"The statutory prohibition prevents lawful online casino transactions through electronic communications."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"No remote-casino licence route is compatible with the verified ban on electronic gambling transactions."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Law No. 18-05 on electronic commerce","publisher":"Official Journal of the Algerian Republic","url":"https://www.joradp.dz/FTP/JO-FRANCAIS/2018/F2018028.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"ad","name":"Andorra","iso":"AD","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Southern Europe","model":"licensed_restricted","consumer":"restricted","licence":"restricted","age":18,"sources":2,"claims":17,"confidence":{"high":15,"medium":2,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"Offering games to or from Andorra without the CRAJ licence required by the gambling law is expressly prohibited."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"D@ can cover online table games, chance-and-skill games, online slot-like gaming machines, exchange/fixed betting and bingo."},{"label":"Advertising","text":"Gambling commercial communications require CRAJ prior authorisation, carry gambling-risk warnings and are prohibited in media directed at minors."},{"label":"Self Exclusion","text":"Online casino operators must check the CRAJ General Gambling Access Prohibition Register and close excluded players’ accounts."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Llei 30/2022, Article 3: legal majority at age 18","publisher":"Portal Jurídic del Principat d’Andorra","url":"https://portaljuridicandorra.ad/L2022030","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Llei 4/2021 del 22 de març de regulació dels jocs d’atzar, text consolidat","publisher":"Portal Jurídic del Principat d’Andorra","url":"https://www.portaljuridicandorra.ad/L2021004","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"ao","name":"Angola","iso":"AO","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Middle Africa","model":"licensed_restricted","consumer":"unclear","licence":"restricted","age":18,"sources":3,"claims":9,"confidence":{"high":7,"medium":2,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"The gaming regulator operates a provisional online gaming licence application checklist during transition to regulations under Law17/24."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"Gaming Act expressly names online gaming separate from physical casino gaming and online sports betting has an exclusivity caveat."},{"label":"Advertising","text":"Promotion of games and bets requires prior approval from regulator and must include a responsible-gambling approach. General gambling advertisements must warn about harm and explicitly restrict participation to adults over 18."},{"label":"Responsible Gambling","text":"Regulator has an explicit legal duty to prevent excessive/pathological gambling and protect minors."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Angola Lei No.17/24 de 28 de Outubro , Lei da Actividade de Jogos (official Gazette scan)","publisher":"Angola Diário da República via Guiché Único da Empresa","url":"https://gue.gov.ao/portal/public/assets/pdf/legislacao/173028341386672.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"ISJ Circular 02/2026: provisional gaming licence checklist/transitional authorisations","publisher":"Instituto de Supervisão de Jogos (ISJ), Angola Ministry of Finance","url":"https://cms.minfin.gov.ao/api/assets/portal-isj/7a49df5d-2cb0-4cb3-bc28-868d65f95356/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Instituto de Supervisão de Jogos , institutional mandate","publisher":"Angola Ministry of Finance ISJ","url":"https://isj.minfin.gov.ao/institucional/sobre-nos","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"ag","name":"Antigua and Barbuda","iso":"AG","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"Caribbean","model":"licensed_restricted","consumer":"unclear","licence":"restricted","age":null,"sources":4,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":0,"medium":4,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"FSRC identifies a specialised Offshore Gaming division as regulatory context for remote gaming."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"Remote virtual casino and remote sports wagering are separately named categories, not interchangeable permissions."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Antigua and Barbuda Gambling Act 2016 No 22/2016 (domestic statutory context)","publisher":"FSRC","url":"https://www.fsrc.gov.ag/images/pdf/gaming/Antigua%20and%20Barbuda%20Gambling%20Act%202016%20%28No%2022%20of%202016%29.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Interactive Gaming and Interactive Wagering Regulations (2007), official FSRC repository","publisher":"FSRC Antigua and Barbuda","url":"https://www.fsrc.gov.ag/images/pdf/adf010_eb827d21042b42d79d4a0704e25cca66.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"FSRC Interactive Gaming (Virtual Casino) licensing application","publisher":"FSRC","url":"https://www.fsrc.gov.ag/index.php/licensing-application","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"ar","name":"Argentina","iso":"AR","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"South America","model":"mixed","consumer":"unclear","licence":"mixed","age":null,"sources":4,"claims":10,"confidence":{"high":6,"medium":4,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"ALEA describes 24 Argentine regulator jurisdictions with constitutional autonomy; a licence in one province does not prove national availability."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"ALEA says several jurisdictions have remote gaming offerings and maintains a directory of authorised platforms; products and legality vary locally."},{"label":"Advertising","text":"Argentina Resolution271/2026 requires on gambling advertising distributed inside Argentine territory the warning \"EL JUGAR COMPULSIVAMENTE ES PERJUDICIAL PARA LA SALUD\" and \"+18\". The ad warnings must appear in the ad footer with a height no less than 10% of the total advertisement; equivalent province warning words can comply if technical rules are met."},{"label":"Responsible Gambling","text":"National gambling ad warnings communicate compulsive gambling health risks, while provincial regulations can prescribe equivalent local language."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Argentina Resolution 271/2026 modifying Resolution446/2025 Annex on online gambling advertising","publisher":"Ministerio de Economía, Secretaría de Industria, Comercio y PyME","url":"https://www.argentina.gob.ar/normativa/nacional/norma-428649/texto","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Updated operative text of Resolution 446/2025 (including Annex replaced by 271/2026)","publisher":"Ministerio de Economía Argentina","url":"https://www.argentina.gob.ar/normativa/nacional/resoluci%C3%B3n-446-2025-419693/actualizacion","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"ALEA provincial licensed-operator directory / regional oversight","publisher":"Asociación de Loterías Estatales de Argentina (ALEA)","url":"https://www.alea.org.ar/juegosonlineautorizados","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"am","name":"Armenia","iso":"AM","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Western Asia","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":21,"sources":3,"claims":15,"confidence":{"high":13,"medium":2,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"New gaming regulation Law HO-263-N is conditionally phased in and does NOT automatically supersede the 2003 internet gaming framework on the 2024 passage date."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"Operative law expressly regulates internet games of chance and internet casinos, a separate category from bookmaker operations."},{"label":"Advertising","text":"Advertising of foreign-organised, unlicensed internet gambling within or accessible in Armenia is expressly banned."},{"label":"Self Exclusion","text":"Armenian citizens may request five-year gaming/internet-gaming exclusion via competent authority, with renewal rule; Art6.2 exclusions do not cover noncitizens. Internet gaming sites/app pages must display a permanently visible self-exclusion button occupying >=5% of visible area or complying with prescribed alternatives."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Armenia Law HO-1-N on Games with Winnings, Internet Games and Casinos (in force as of July 2026 consolidation)","publisher":"ARLIS Government Legal Information System","url":"https://www.arlis.am/hy/acts/227671/print/act_changes","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Law HO-263-N 12 June 2024 On Regulation of Gaming Activity, Article 58 transition","publisher":"ARLIS","url":"https://www.arlis.am/en/acts/221764","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Armenia Advertising Law, Article 15, consolidated","publisher":"ARLIS","url":"https://www.arlis.am/en/acts/230017","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"au","name":"Australia","iso":"AU","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Oceania","subregion":"Australia and New Zealand","model":"prohibited","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":5,"claims":15,"confidence":{"high":14,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":{"label":"Future change recorded","note":"Enacted reform on wagering advertising, affiliate activity-based commissions, payment disruption and lottery products; most substantive provisions effective 1 January 2027, not 3 November 2026."},"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"Australian online casino services cannot lawfully be supplied into Australia under a conventional Australian remote-casino licence; do not substitute sports wagering permits."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"Australian-licensed online and telephone wagering exists and falls under BetStop, but it does not authorise online casino games."},{"label":"Prohibited Products","text":"Online casinos are a banned interactive gambling category nationally; in-play sports and unlicensed online sports betting are separately listed."},{"label":"Advertising","text":"Advertisements for prohibited online casino services must not target Australia. Australian advertising of banned interactive gambling services, including prohibited online casinos, is forbidden."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Interactive Gambling Act 2001 (in-force compilation)","publisher":"Commonwealth of Australia","url":"https://www.legislation.gov.au/C2004A00851/2024-10-14/2024-10-14/text/original/epub/OEBPS/document_1/document_1.html","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Interactive Gambling Amendment (Gambling Reform) Act 2026 No.72","publisher":"Commonwealth of Australia","url":"https://www.legislation.gov.au/C2026A00072/asmade/2026-08-26/text/original/epub/OEBPS/document_1/document_1.html","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"About the Interactive Gambling Act","publisher":"Australian Communications and Media Authority","url":"https://www.acma.gov.au/interactivegambling","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"at","name":"Austria","iso":"AT","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Western Europe","model":"monopoly","consumer":"restricted","licence":"exclusive","age":18,"sources":5,"claims":11,"confidence":{"high":8,"medium":3,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":{"label":"Future change recorded","note":"Proposed redesign of online gambling and player protection; NOT an enacted effective law as of the 3 Nov 2026 snapshot."},"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"A federal concession/monopoly controls Austrian online gambling rather than a generally open remote-casino licence scheme."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"Online play with centrally determined results qualifies as an electronic lottery; the Austrian concession covers licensed win2day online gambling."},{"label":"Prohibited Products","text":"Foreign/offshore electronic lotteries and unlicensed remote roulette, poker and blackjack must not be offered to Austria under mere foreign licensing."},{"label":"Advertising","text":"Marketing or promoting foreign and otherwise unlawful gambling in Austria is barred; legal regulated concession advertising has statutory responsible-play duties."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Glücksspielgesetz (GSpG), consolidated at 23 Oct 2026","publisher":"Republic of Austria RIS","url":"https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10004611","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Häufig gestellte Fragen zum Glücksspielmonopol","publisher":"Bundesministerium für Finanzen","url":"https://www.bmf.gv.at/themen/gluecksspiel-spielerschutz/gesetzliche-grundlagen-gluecksspiel/faq-gluecksspielmonopol.html","tier":"Tier 3 Government"},{"title":"Konzessionäre und Ausspielbewilligte","publisher":"Bundesministerium für Finanzen","url":"https://www.bmf.gv.at/themen/gluecksspiel-spielerschutz/gesetzliche-grundlagen-gluecksspiel/konzessionaere-ausspielbewilligte.html","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"az","name":"Azerbaijan","iso":"AZ","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Western Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":12,"confidence":{"high":9,"medium":3,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"The State Tourism Agency can issue land-casino licences for casinos on artificial lands in the Azerbaijan-controlled Caspian Sea, with remote play excluded."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"Law 240 permits properly licensed LAND casino roulette, table/card/dice and slot-machine games only at approved physical locations on designated Caspian artificial lands; not online casinos."},{"label":"Prohibited Products","text":"Internet, mobile-network and app-based virtual casinos, their tickets/access rights and connected financial execution are explicitly prohibited."},{"label":"Advertising","text":"The 2025 reform made a narrow exception for advertising licensed physical casinos; it does not legitimise advertising forbidden virtual casino products."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Presidential implementing decree concerning Law 240-VIIQD","publisher":"Office of the President of Azerbaijan","url":"https://president.az/az/articles/view/69507","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Law 240-VIIQD of 8 July 2025 (casino licensing on Caspian artificial lands)","publisher":"Office of the President of Azerbaijan","url":"https://static.president.az/upload/Files/2025/07/29/027d73c5b26656270f2ab39543406d8c_4435879.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"bs","name":"Bahamas","iso":"BS","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"Caribbean","model":"licensed_restricted","consumer":"restricted","licence":"restricted","age":18,"sources":4,"claims":13,"confidence":{"high":10,"medium":3,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"Gaming Board licenses domestic Gaming House Operators and provides a current official list of seven such operators."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"Domestic licensed gaming houses offer Lotto, Slots, and Sports Book over the internet; tourist commercial casinos form a separate regime."},{"label":"Prohibited Products","text":"Licensed interactive gaming must not be made available to non-domestic patrons or those below 18; detailed game-by-game prohibitions beyond this were not established."},{"label":"Self Exclusion","text":"Gaming-house registration pages must link to operator functionality enabling players to self-exclude from restricted interactive gaming."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Gaming Act 2014 consolidated (regulator official copy)","publisher":"Gaming Board for The Bahamas","url":"https://www.gamingboardbahamas.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Gaming_Act_2014-comp.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Gaming House Operator Regulations 2014 (S.I.85 of 2014)","publisher":"Government of the Bahamas / Gaming Board","url":"https://www.gamingboardbahamas.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/18-Gaming-House-Operator-Regulations-2014.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Our Licensees; domestic gaming and online slots","publisher":"Gaming Board for The Bahamas","url":"https://www.gamingboardbahamas.com/our-licensees/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"bh","name":"Bahrain","iso":"BH","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Western Asia","model":"unclear","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_established","age":null,"sources":1,"claims":2,"confidence":{"high":0,"medium":2,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Prohibited Products","text":"Penal Code Article 308 sanctions gambling in a PUBLIC place and management of a PUBLIC gambling establishment; the text alone does not establish a universal prohibition of remote online casinos."},{"label":"Enforcement","text":"Article 308 provides penalties for gambling in public places (up to three months or 100 BHD fine) and running a public gambling venue (up to one year or 500 BHD fine); online extension remains unresolved."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Bahrain Penal Code (Decree Law 15/1976), Article 308","publisher":"Bahrain Legislation and Legal Opinion Commission","url":"https://lloc.gov.bh/Legislation/HTM/L1576","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"bd","name":"Bangladesh","iso":"BD","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Southern Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":1,"claims":15,"confidence":{"high":10,"medium":5,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"Under enacted statute the defined online-casino activities are criminalised and the old Public Gambling Act 1867 is expressly repealed; no lawful remote casino licensing identified."},{"label":"Prohibited Products","text":"Roulette, dice, poker, card games, virtual casino and online betting are included within the gambling/online-betting prohibition."},{"label":"Advertising","text":"Misleading gambling promotions, promises of false profits, enticing ads and sponsorship by media, influencers or others are criminalised under §§11/22."},{"label":"Responsible Gambling","text":"The enacted law calls for anti-gambling public awareness by state agencies, not an operator-managed responsible-gambling framework for licensed online casinos."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"জুয়া প্রতিরোধ আইন, ২০২৬ (Gambling Prevention Act, 2026), Act No 98 of 2026","publisher":"Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Bangladesh","url":"https://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-print-1727.html","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"bb","name":"Barbados","iso":"BB","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"Caribbean","model":"unclear","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_established","age":null,"sources":3,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":0,"medium":4,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"Barbados levies duties under Betting and Gaming Duties Act Cap60, but the tax instrument does not establish a regulated, open online casino licensing system."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"Historic gambling law contains narrow approved lotteries/charitable exceptions; no affirmative licensed online casino product authorisation was proven."},{"label":"Prohibited Products","text":"The Gambling Act Cap134 deems common gaming houses public nuisances and criminalises managing physical gambling places; applicability to internet-hosted casinos is unresolved."},{"label":"Enforcement","text":"In Barbados, Cap134 §9 prohibits playing in common gaming houses, but this physical-place offence alone does not prove all remote casino players are criminally liable."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Gambling Act, Chapter 134 (statute; scanned government copy)","publisher":"Barbados Judicial Branch","url":"https://www.barbadoslawcourts.gov.bb/assets/content/pdfs/statutes/GamblingCAP134.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Gaming Act, Chapter 135 (official scan)","publisher":"Barbados Judicial Branch","url":"https://www.barbadoslawcourts.gov.bb/assets/content/pdfs/statutes/GamingCAP135.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Betting and Gaming Duties Act Cap.60","publisher":"Barbados Revenue Authority","url":"https://www.bra.gov.bb/About/Legislation-Regulations/Betting-Gaming-Duties-Act","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"by","name":"Belarus","iso":"BY","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Eastern Europe","model":"licensed_restricted","consumer":"restricted","licence":"restricted","age":21,"sources":6,"claims":16,"confidence":{"high":14,"medium":2,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":{"label":"Future change recorded","note":"Mandatory conformity testing protocol for reworked virtual gambling establishments beginning 1 July 2027."},"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"Belarus has licensed domestic virtual gambling establishments with specific operating and certification conditions from Decree No226; an offshore licence is not interchangeable."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"The official Ministry identifies Belarusian authorised virtual gambling establishments as a regulated channel for participation; detailed vertical/game boundaries require decree and licence audit."},{"label":"Prohibited Products","text":"Regulated Belarusian banking card transfers to FOREIGN online casinos are blocked for Belarusian citizens under March2026 rules."},{"label":"Self Exclusion","text":"A restriction list covers gambling access including VIRTUAL gaming establishments, with voluntary or court-imposed exclusion measures."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Запрет на допуск в игорное заведение лиц из перечня","publisher":"Ministry of Taxes and Duties of Belarus","url":"https://nalog.gov.by/news/20939/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"ПРОФИЛАКТИКА ИГРОВОЙ ЗАВИСИМОСТИ","publisher":"Ministry of Taxes and Duties of Belarus","url":"https://nalog.gov.by/news/35845/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Участие в азартных играх. Что важно знать игрокам","publisher":"Ministry of Taxes and Duties of Belarus","url":"https://nalog.gov.by/news/36014/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"be","name":"Belgium","iso":"BE","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Western Europe","model":"licensed_restricted","consumer":"restricted","licence":"restricted","age":21,"sources":3,"claims":8,"confidence":{"high":5,"medium":3,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"An online casino A+ authorisation is supplementary to a qualifying land-based casino A licence, not a standalone offshore licence."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"A+ licensees appearing in the current official register are the identified legal route for Belgian online casino products."},{"label":"Prohibited Products","text":"Online casino supply without the required linked Belgian licence is not authorised."},{"label":"Responsible Gambling","text":"The official consumer guidance directs players to legal operators and applies the 21-year threshold as a player-protection control."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Current A+ licence register","publisher":"Belgian Gaming Commission","url":"https://data.gamingcommission.be/licenses/APLUS/latest/table.html?lang=en","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Casino licences A and A+","publisher":"Belgian Gaming Commission","url":"https://gamingcommission.be/en/operators/licences/casinos-licence-a-a","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Online games","publisher":"FPS Economy, Belgium","url":"https://economie.fgov.be/nl/themas/online/online-spellen","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"bz","name":"Belize","iso":"BZ","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"Central America","model":"prohibited","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":3,"claims":6,"confidence":{"high":5,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":{"label":"Licensing moratorium","note":"Belize has an online-gaming framework, but the official moratorium notice states that no online-gaming licensees currently operate."},"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"Online-gaming activity in Belize requires a Gaming Control Board licence, while a current moratorium prevents new issues."},{"label":"Prohibited Products","text":"Entities claiming a Belize online-gaming licence during the moratorium are described as unauthorised and illegal."},{"label":"Enforcement","text":"The government notice directs false Belize licensees to cease and desist immediately."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Online Gaming Regulations 2004","publisher":"Government of Belize","url":"https://invest.gov.bz/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/ONLINE-GAMING-REGULATIONS-2004.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Notice: illegal online gaming activity and misinformation","publisher":"Government of Belize, Investment Policy and Compliance Unit","url":"https://invest.gov.bz/notice-illegal-online-gaming-activity-and-misinformation-jun-9-2025/","tier":"Tier 3 Government"},{"title":"Official gaming notice: moratorium","publisher":"Government of Belize, Ministry of Investment","url":"https://invest.gov.bz/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Eng-Official-Gaming-Notice-Moratorium-English-Version.pdf","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"bj","name":"Benin","iso":"BJ","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Western Africa","model":"licensed_restricted","consumer":"unclear","licence":"restricted","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":8,"confidence":{"high":6,"medium":2,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"The government overview describes a five-year online-gaming licence and a 150 million CFA franc licence cost."},{"label":"Enforcement","text":"Unauthorised online-gaming operations are described by the government as prohibited and subject to site closure."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Circular ordering closure of illegal online gaming sites","publisher":"Ministry of Economy and Finance, Benin","url":"https://finances.bj/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Note-circulaire-portant-fermeture-sites-jeux-en-ligne.pdf","tier":"Tier 3 Government"},{"title":"Commission for the Supervision of Games of Chance","publisher":"Ministry of Economy and Finance, Benin","url":"https://finances.bj/csj/","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"bt","name":"Bhutan","iso":"BT","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Southern Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":6,"confidence":{"high":5,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Prohibited Products","text":"Online betting or wagering using ICT facilities or services is prohibited, including prize offers in lieu of money."},{"label":"Enforcement","text":"Online gambling can attract Penal Code penalties plus an additional fine deemed appropriate by the court."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Information, Communications and Media Act of Bhutan 2018","publisher":"Royal Government of Bhutan / BICMA","url":"https://www.bicma.gov.bt/data/publications/act/BICM_Act_2018_English.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Acts and publications","publisher":"Government Technology Agency, Bhutan","url":"https://tech.gov.bt/publications/","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"bo","name":"Bolivia","iso":"BO","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"South America","model":"licensed_restricted","consumer":"restricted","licence":"restricted","age":null,"sources":4,"claims":6,"confidence":{"high":3,"medium":3,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"Applicants must be private legal entities constituted and domiciled in Bolivia and dedicated to authorised games."},{"label":"Prohibited Products","text":"Online casino or betting supply without AJ authorisation is described by the regulator as illegal."},{"label":"Enforcement","text":"AJ publicly warns consumers away from unlicensed online operators and administers operator licensing and game classification."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Licence procedures","publisher":"Autoridad de Fiscalizacion del Juego, Bolivia","url":"https://www.aj.gob.bo/tramites/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Regulation for granting an online-games operating licence","publisher":"Autoridad de Fiscalizacion del Juego, Bolivia","url":"https://www.aj.gob.bo/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/doc_20210408_081903.pdf","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Current regulations","publisher":"Autoridad de Fiscalizacion del Juego, Bolivia","url":"https://www.aj.gob.bo/reglamentos-vigentes/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"ba","name":"Bosnia and Herzegovina","iso":"BA","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Southern Europe","model":"mixed","consumer":"unclear","licence":"mixed","age":null,"sources":3,"claims":6,"confidence":{"high":1,"medium":5,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"Federation internet-game operation requires Federal Ministry of Finance approval and prescribed rules and procedures."},{"label":"Enforcement","text":"Federation approval and technical controls support regulator oversight of approved internet games; sanctions and the other entities' enforcement powers remain unverified."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Rulebook on technical conditions, rules, procedures and operation of internet games of chance","publisher":"Federal Ministry of Finance, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina","url":"https://www.fmf.gov.ba/Content/Open/101280?n=Pravilnik_o_tehni%C4%8Dkim_uslovima%2C_sadr%C5%BEaju_pravila_i_procedura_i_na%C4%8Dinu_prire%C4%91ivanja_internet_igara_na_sre%C4%87u.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Notice to organisers of games of chance concerning AML and terrorist-financing prevention","publisher":"Federal Ministry of Finance, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina","url":"https://www.fmf.gov.ba/Content/Open/101257?n=Obavijest_prire%C4%91iva%C4%8Dima_igara_na_sre%C4%87u_u_vezi_sa_SPN_FT.pdf","tier":"Tier 3 Government"},{"title":"Games of chance","publisher":"Federal Ministry of Finance, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina","url":"https://www.fmf.gov.ba/Content/Read/igre-na-srecu","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"bw","name":"Botswana","iso":"BW","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Southern Africa","model":"prohibited","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_available","age":21,"sources":2,"claims":7,"confidence":{"high":4,"medium":3,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"Botswana gambling licences identified by the authority are premises-linked; no online casino authorisation was identified."},{"label":"Prohibited Products","text":"Internet and online gambling are identified as an illegal gambling form by the regulator."},{"label":"Responsible Gambling","text":"The official minimum-age control bars persons under 21 from gambling participation."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Gambling licences","publisher":"Gambling Authority of Botswana","url":"https://gamblingauthority.co.bw/services/licensing/licenses/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"General information","publisher":"Gambling Authority of Botswana","url":"https://gamblingauthority.co.bw/about/general-information/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"br","name":"Brazil","iso":"BR","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"South America","model":"prohibited","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":6,"confidence":{"high":6,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":1,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":{"label":"Temporary measure","note":"The snapshot reflects MPV 1.394/2026. Its parliamentary timetable and the 30-day authorisation wind-down require continuing lifecycle checks."},"facts":[{"label":"Advertising","text":"MPV 1.394/2026 prohibits fixed-odds gambling advertisements including online games."},{"label":"Enforcement","text":"MPV 1.394/2026 was published on 25 September 2026 and remained before Congress at the snapshot; its 30-day wind-down and parliamentary expiry timetable must be tracked separately."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"MPV 1394/2026 , tramitação oficial","publisher":"Congresso Nacional","url":"https://www.congressonacional.leg.br/materias/medidas-provisorias/-/mpv/175871","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Medida Provisória 1.394/2026: entenda as novas regras","publisher":"Ministério da Fazenda","url":"https://www.gov.br/fazenda/pt-br/composicao/orgaos/secretaria-de-premios-e-apostas/medida-provisoria-ndeg-1-394-2026-entenda-as-novas-regras-para-as-apostas-de-quota-fixa","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"bn","name":"Brunei","iso":"BN","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"South-eastern Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":3,"claims":5,"confidence":{"high":3,"medium":2,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Prohibited Products","text":"Online gambling is the prohibited online-content category enforced under Chapter 28."},{"label":"Enforcement","text":"Royal Brunei Police used section 4(c) against an alleged online lottery-number operator and describes online gambling as a serious crime."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Common Gaming Houses Act, Chapter 28","publisher":"Attorney General's Chambers, Brunei Darussalam","url":"https://www.agc.gov.bn/documents/common-gaming-houses-act/","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Man detained for operating online gambling","publisher":"Royal Brunei Police Force","url":"https://www.polis.gov.bn/seorang-lelaki-ditahan-kendali-perjudian-dalam-talian/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"National laws for online content","publisher":"Authority for Info-communications Technology Industry of Brunei Darussalam","url":"https://aiti.gov.bn/regulatory/content-regulation/","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"bg","name":"Bulgaria","iso":"BG","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Eastern Europe","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":9,"confidence":{"high":9,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"A separate licence is required for each expressly identified type of gambling game."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"Licensed online products can include lotteries other than instant lottery and raffle, sports and event betting, slots and casino games."},{"label":"Responsible Gambling","text":"Licensed websites must display gambling-addiction risk information and counselling and treatment options."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Lists of licensed and unlicensed gambling websites","publisher":"National Revenue Agency, Bulgaria","url":"https://nra.bg/wps/portal/nra/registers-i-spisuci/Spisuci/page.Spisuci-na-internet-stranicite-chrez-koito-se-organizirat-hazarni-igri/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Online gambling","publisher":"National Revenue Agency, Bulgaria","url":"https://nra.bg/wps/portal/nra-en/gambling.en/online.gambling.en","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"bf","name":"Burkina Faso","iso":"BF","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Western Africa","model":"unclear","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_established","age":null,"sources":1,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":1,"medium":2,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"The only online product verified in this pass is the LONAB digital Pari Sportif offering; a casino licensing regime remains unverified."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"LONAB offers online sports-event prediction betting through mobile phones and tablets."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"LONAB launches the online Pari Sportif product","publisher":"Ministry of Economy and Finance, Burkina Faso","url":"https://www.finances.gov.bf/forum/detail-actualites?cHash=1aedfee0bf9ec68cf817e3207294d94f&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=1289","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"bi","name":"Burundi","iso":"BI","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Eastern Africa","model":"unclear","consumer":"unclear","licence":"unclear","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":0,"medium":3,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":{"label":"Future change recorded","note":"Draft decree and regulator reform under the 2023-2035 policy; current enactment remains unverified."},"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"The policy proposes limiting and regulating gambling supply and transforming the national lottery into a gambling regulator; current enacted licence mechanics remain unresolved."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Council of Ministers: draft decree governing gambling, lotteries and prediction contests","publisher":"Presidency of the Republic of Burundi","url":"https://presidence.gov.bi/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Communique-Conseil-26-juin-2024.pdf","tier":"Tier 3 Government"},{"title":"Council of Ministers: National Gambling Policy 2023-2035","publisher":"Presidency of the Republic of Burundi","url":"https://www.presidence.gov.bi/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/CM-du-05-juillet-2023.pdf","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"cv","name":"Cabo Verde","iso":"CV","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Western Africa","model":"licensed_restricted","consumer":"restricted","licence":"restricted","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":7,"confidence":{"high":6,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"Remote games and betting require the statutory licensing and supervision framework under Decree-Law 73/2015 and the IGJ."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"The current AML regulation expressly recognises online casinos alongside lotteries, sports betting and other permitted gambling products."},{"label":"Enforcement","text":"The IGJ regulates, supervises and inspects gambling operators for compliance with AML and counter-terrorist-financing duties."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Decree-Law 73/2015: remote games and betting","publisher":"Official Gazette of Cabo Verde","url":"https://boe.incv.cv/Bulletins/View?id=27794","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Regulation 002/IGJ/2024 on AML controls for gambling","publisher":"General Inspectorate of Gaming, Cabo Verde","url":"https://boe.incv.cv/Bulletins/View/71157","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"kh","name":"Cambodia","iso":"KH","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"South-Eastern Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":3,"claims":6,"confidence":{"high":3,"medium":3,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"CGMC maintains a register of licensed physical casino establishments, which must not be presented as online authorisation."},{"label":"Prohibited Products","text":"Online gambling is a prohibited or paused product despite the separate commercial-gambling framework for physical casinos."},{"label":"Enforcement","text":"The commercial-gambling regulator maintains offence and penalty rules for operators and stakeholders, while the government continues its online-gambling crackdown."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Sub-Decree on interim penalties for commercial gambling offences","publisher":"Ministry of Economy and Finance, Cambodia","url":"https://data.mef.gov.kh/datasets/pd_68f9f14b6a965e00074a5ed8","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Licensed casino establishments in Cambodia","publisher":"Ministry of Economy and Finance, Cambodia","url":"https://data.mef.gov.kh/datasets/pd_68f75d026a965e00074a5eaf","tier":"Tier 3 Government"},{"title":"Prime Minister confirms online gambling will not reopen","publisher":"Royal Government of Cambodia, Press and Quick Reaction Unit","url":"https://pressocm.gov.kh/en/archives/126513","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"cm","name":"Cameroon","iso":"CM","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Middle Africa","model":"unclear","consumer":"unclear","licence":"unclear","age":null,"sources":1,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":1,"medium":2,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"Law 2015/012 of 16 July 2015 and its implementing Decree 2019/2300/PM of 18 July 2019 set up a Gaming Regulatory Agency and an authorisation regime. The online category covers only online betting and online poker (decree art. 82); online casino games are not included."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"The tax code lists roulette, blackjack, craps, baccarat and slot machines as games within the gambling-tax base; taxation alone is not proof of online authorisation."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"General Tax Code: tax on games of chance and entertainment","publisher":"Ministry of Finance, Cameroon","url":"https://minfi.gov.cm/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/cgi-2009-version-franaise.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"ca","name":"Canada","iso":"CA","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"Northern America","model":"mixed","consumer":"mixed","licence":"mixed","age":null,"sources":6,"claims":11,"confidence":{"high":10,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"The federal Criminal Code permits a provincial government to conduct and manage a lottery scheme under provincial law; Ontario and Alberta implement distinct operator arrangements."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"Ontario's regulated market includes casino, poker, bingo and sports products, while availability and authority vary by province."},{"label":"Self Exclusion","text":"BetGuard allows a person to opt out of every regulated Ontario online-gambling site through one portal."},{"label":"Responsible Gambling","text":"Ontario regulated sites must provide player-protection tools under AGCO standards, while the correct Casino.net ROC help-line wording remains an internal Compliance decision."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Criminal Code section 207: permitted lottery schemes","publisher":"Government of Canada, Department of Justice","url":"https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-46/section-207.html","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"iGaming in Alberta","publisher":"Alberta Gaming, Liquor and Cannabis","url":"https://aglc.ca/igaming","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"BetGuard centralised self-exclusion launch","publisher":"iGaming Ontario","url":"https://www.igamingontario.ca/en/news/betguard-centralized-self-exclusion-ontario-igaming","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"cf","name":"Central African Republic","iso":"CF","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Middle Africa","model":"unclear","consumer":"unclear","licence":"unclear","age":null,"sources":1,"claims":0,"confidence":{"high":0,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"source_index_only","overlay":{"label":"Source index only","note":"No controlling proposition or atomic claim was verified. This row records the research gap and must not be read as permission."},"facts":[],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Official documentation catalogue","publisher":"Ministry of Finance and Budget, Central African Republic","url":"https://www.finances.gouv.cf/documentations","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"td","name":"Chad","iso":"TD","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Middle Africa","model":"unclear","consumer":"unclear","licence":"unclear","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":2,"confidence":{"high":0,"medium":2,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"Chad's tax code recognises taxable physical casino products including roulette, blackjack, craps, circle games and slot machines; taxation is not proof of remote authorisation."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Finance Law 2024","publisher":"Ministry of Finance, Budget, Economy and Planning, Chad","url":"https://www.finances.gouv.td/index.php/component/k2/item/download/403_f415c0610b4b26d6bae5aeec20c82e81","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"General Tax Code, Articles 205 to 209","publisher":"Ministry of Finance, Budget, Economy and Planning, Chad","url":"https://finances.gouv.td/index.php/le-ministere/le-ministre/item/download/438_afa372566d4acca63cb857e846d67eef","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"cl","name":"Chile","iso":"CL","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"South America","model":"prohibited","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":4,"claims":7,"confidence":{"high":5,"medium":2,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":{"label":"Future change recorded","note":"Online-gambling licensing bill remains pending in the Senate; no enacted effective date was verified."},"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"Only gambling specifically authorised by legislation can operate, and a physical casino permit under Law 19.995 does not authorise online gambling."},{"label":"Prohibited Products","text":"Commercial online betting and online casino supply lack statutory authorisation and are treated as illegal; special-law products remain separate exceptions."},{"label":"Self Exclusion","text":"The SCJ self-exclusion procedure applies to authorised physical casinos, not online platforms lacking an authorising law."},{"label":"Enforcement","text":"The SCJ refers complaints about online betting activity to the Public Prosecutor for investigation."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"SCJ reiterates statutory prohibition on casino permit-holders operating online games","publisher":"Superintendencia de Casinos de Juego, Chile","url":"https://www.scj.gob.cl/noticias_scj/superintendencia-de-casinos-de-juego-reitera-a-regulados-prohibicion-legal-de-operar-juegos-de-azar-en-linea/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"What is illegal gambling?","publisher":"Superintendencia de Casinos de Juego, Chile","url":"https://www.scj.gob.cl/juego-ilegal/cual-es-el-juego-ilegal/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Frequently asked questions on gambling law and online platforms","publisher":"Superintendencia de Casinos de Juego, Chile","url":"https://www.scj.gob.cl/preguntas-frecuentes-p/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"cn","name":"China","iso":"CN","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Eastern Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":4,"claims":7,"confidence":{"high":5,"medium":2,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Prohibited Products","text":"Online casino websites, online betting and unapproved lottery sales are prohibited gambling activities."},{"label":"Advertising","text":"Providing advertising services to known gambling websites can constitute complicity in operating an online casino when statutory thresholds are met."},{"label":"Enforcement","text":"Authorities pursue online-gambling organisers, technical and payment facilitators, and participating bettors under criminal or public-security law according to conduct and thresholds."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Guiding Case 105 on operating an online casino","publisher":"Supreme People's Court, China","url":"https://www.court.gov.cn/zixun/xiangqing/137101.html","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Opinion on application of law in online-gambling criminal cases","publisher":"Supreme People's Procuratorate, China","url":"https://www.spp.gov.cn/spp/nbgz/201802/t20180201_363851.shtml","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Public Security Administration Punishments Law of the People's Republic of China","publisher":"National Laws and Regulations Database, China","url":"https://flk.npc.gov.cn/detail?fileId=&id=ff80818197af9ccc0197b159c38a0408&type=","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"co","name":"Colombia","iso":"CO","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"South America","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":18,"sources":14,"claims":23,"confidence":{"high":10,"medium":9,"low":4},"conflicts":2,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"Coljuegos concessions are required to operate authorised internet casino gambling in Colombia. Internet gambling requires a Coljuegos concession contract and compliance with financial, technical and legal requirements."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"Coljuegos administers authorised online gambling covering defined internet-operated casino games and concession offers."},{"label":"Prohibited Products","text":"Remote gambling without the Coljuegos authorisation is subject to intervention and blocking."},{"label":"Advertising","text":"For JOI licensees, Coljuegos Resolution 19054/2023 regulates brand identification, informational advertising, electronic consent, underage targeting and social/video distribution. Parts on advertising spend and sanctions reportedly face a 2026 interim judicial suspension, requiring the court order before operational reliance."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Acuerdo 01 de 7 de mayo de 2026","publisher":"Coljuegos","url":"https://coljuegos.gov.co/publicaciones/307323/index.php","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Ley 643 de 2001, amended Article 38 (official consolidated compilation)","publisher":"Comisión de Regulación de Comunicaciones (official legal compilation)","url":"https://normograma.crcom.gov.co/crc/compilacion/docs/ley_0643_2001.htm","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Resolución 20244000022654 del 16 octubre 2024 (vigente at snapshot)","publisher":"Coljuegos, full text in official government normative compilation","url":"https://normograma.superservicios.gov.co/NORMOGRAMA/compilacion/docs/resolucion_coljuegos_22654_2024.htm","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"km","name":"Comoros","iso":"KM","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Eastern Africa","model":"unclear","consumer":"unclear","licence":"unclear","age":null,"sources":1,"claims":0,"confidence":{"high":0,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"source_index_only","overlay":{"label":"Source index only","note":"No controlling proposition or atomic claim was verified. This row records the research gap and must not be read as permission."},"facts":[],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Official ministry publications","publisher":"Ministry of Finance, Budget and Banking Sector, Comoros","url":"https://finances.gouv.km/","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"cg","name":"Republic of the Congo","iso":"CG","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Middle Africa","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":11,"confidence":{"high":11,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"Operators require approval, technical inspection and regulatory conformity; category I covers online sports betting, online casino and online virtual games."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"The licensed remote category includes online sports betting, online casino and virtual games; horse betting, lotteries and scratch games are a public monopoly."},{"label":"Advertising","text":"Non-compliant gambling commercial communications are punishable by a fine, and advertising prohibited lotteries is separately penalised."},{"label":"Responsible Gambling","text":"Online applicants must explain measures against excessive gambling, protect minors and provide prohibited-player information on their home pages."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Law 37-2024 of 11 October 2024 regulating games of chance and money","publisher":"Ministry of Budget, Public Accounts and Public Portfolio, Republic of the Congo","url":"https://www.finances.gouv.cg/fr/download/file/fid/9470","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Council of Ministers report on gambling legislation","publisher":"Government of the Republic of the Congo","url":"https://gouvernement.cg/compte-rendu-du-conseil-des-ministres-du-mercredi-08-mai-2024/","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"cd","name":"Democratic Republic of the Congo","iso":"CD","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Middle Africa","model":"unclear","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_established","age":null,"sources":5,"claims":9,"confidence":{"high":7,"medium":2,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":{"label":"Future change recorded","note":"Comprehensive gambling bill remains under parliamentary examination; no enacted effective date was verified."},"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"Operators must be identified and authorised by the Ministry of Finance before operation; the CSJA instructs applications and supervises platforms."},{"label":"Responsible Gambling","text":"Authorised operators are expected to protect minors, provide responsible-gambling measures and connect to central supervision."},{"label":"Enforcement","text":"Operators outside the Ministry of Finance process face administrative measures and sanctions, and activities without proper authority may be reported as illegal."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Official CSJA portal","publisher":"Cellule de Surveillance des Jeux d'Argent et de Hasard, DRC Ministry of Finance","url":"https://csja.finances.gouv.cd/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Official register of authorised operators","publisher":"Cellule de Surveillance des Jeux d'Argent et de Hasard, DRC Ministry of Finance","url":"https://csja.finances.gouv.cd/operateurs","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Official communiqué on gambling-sector reform and regulation","publisher":"DRC Ministry of Finance","url":"https://csja.finances.gouv.cd/communiques/communique-officiel-reforme-et-regulation-du-secteur-des-jeux-d-argent-et-de-hasard-en-rdc-27-aout-2026","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"cr","name":"Costa Rica","iso":"CR","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"Central America","model":"prohibited","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":3,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":1,"medium":3,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"The Ministry of Public Security authorises physical casino activity; municipal or data-processing permissions must not be presented as online-gambling licences."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Law 9050 and implementing instruments for casinos and electronic-betting call-link companies","publisher":"Ministry of Finance, Costa Rica","url":"https://www.hacienda.go.cr/docs/FundamentolegalImpuestollamadasApuestas.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Official interpretation of the 1922 Games Law","publisher":"Attorney General's Office, Costa Rica","url":"https://www.pgrweb.go.cr/DOCS/DICTAMENES/1/P/D/2000-2009/2000-2004/2000/3BCDD.HTML","tier":"Tier 3 Government"},{"title":"VAT for casinos and gaming halls","publisher":"Ministry of Finance, Costa Rica","url":"https://www.hacienda.go.cr/docs/ImpuestoValorAgregadoCasinossalasJuego.pdf","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"ci","name":"Côte d’Ivoire","iso":"CI","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Western Africa","model":"monopoly","consumer":"restricted","licence":"restricted","age":18,"sources":4,"claims":8,"confidence":{"high":7,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"ARJH supervises the concession and prior-authorisation regimes under Law 2020-480."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"The exclusive concession includes online casino, online slots, online lottery, sports, horse and virtual betting products."},{"label":"Self Exclusion","text":"ARJH voluntary exclusion blocks casinos, slot venues, approved online sites and account-based LONACI games for at least three years."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Law 2020-480 of 27 May 2020 on gambling","publisher":"Autorité de Régulation des Jeux de Hasard, Côte d'Ivoire","url":"https://www.arjh.ci/documents/loi.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Decision 036/2024 blocking illegal online betting sites","publisher":"Autorité de Régulation des Jeux de Hasard, Côte d'Ivoire","url":"https://www.arjh.ci/storage/01J3G2ZKJW3X3ZAWREK48QB866.pdf","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Gambling prohibition and voluntary exclusion","publisher":"Autorité de Régulation des Jeux de Hasard, Côte d'Ivoire","url":"https://www.arjh.ci/game-prohibition","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"hr","name":"Croatia","iso":"HR","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Southern Europe","model":"licensed_restricted","consumer":"restricted","licence":"restricted","age":18,"sources":2,"claims":9,"confidence":{"high":9,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"Online casino games may only be offered by Hrvatska Lutrija or by a company that already holds the right to run a Croatian casino, with Ministry of Finance approval (Games of Chance Act, Article 35); there is no standalone remote casino licence."},{"label":"Advertising","text":"From 2026 Croatia restricts gambling advertising by time, medium, audience, influencer use, sponsorship content and bonus messaging."},{"label":"Self Exclusion","text":"Croatia established a national excluded-player register covering online and specified land-based gambling, with operator reporting and blocking duties."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Act amending the Games of Chance Act, NN 72/2025","publisher":"Official Gazette of Croatia","url":"https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2025_04_72_937.html","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Rules for casino games through interactive online channels, NN 129/2025","publisher":"Official Gazette of Croatia","url":"https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/eli/sluzbeni/2025/129/pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"cu","name":"Cuba","iso":"CU","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"Caribbean","model":"prohibited","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":1,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":1,"medium":3,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Prohibited Products","text":"Illicit gambling operation and promotion are prohibited, but the reviewed provision does not enumerate remote casino products."},{"label":"Enforcement","text":"Illicit-game bankers, collectors, recorders and promoters face one to three years' imprisonment, fines or both, with aggravated circumstances."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Law 151/2022, Penal Code","publisher":"Official Gazette of the Republic of Cuba","url":"https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.cu/sites/default/files/goc-2022-o93_0_0.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"cy","name":"Cyprus","iso":"CY","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Southern Europe","model":"prohibited","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":6,"confidence":{"high":4,"medium":2,"low":0},"conflicts":1,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Prohibited Products","text":"Online casinos and online slots are illegal in the Republic of Cyprus; licensed Class B online betting is a separate product."},{"label":"Enforcement","text":"The National Betting Authority warns consumers about illegal casino sites and maintains blocking measures against unlicensed gambling."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Warning: illegal and misleading websites , legal versus illegal gambling","publisher":"Cyprus National Betting Authority","url":"https://nba.gov.cy/en/warning-illegal-and-misleading-websites/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"National Betting Authority warns public about illegal online casino websites","publisher":"Cyprus National Betting Authority","url":"https://nba.gov.cy/en/national-betting-authority-warns-public-about-illegal-online-gambling-and-misinformation/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"cz","name":"Czechia","iso":"CZ","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Eastern Europe","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":18,"sources":4,"claims":8,"confidence":{"high":8,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"Permitted internet categories include lottery, odds and totalisator betting, bingo, technical games and live games where remotely practicable."},{"label":"Self Exclusion","text":"The Ministry operates a national excluded-person register with voluntary, statutory and short panic-button exclusion routes."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Act 186/2016 on Gambling, current consolidated text","publisher":"Czech legal compilation","url":"https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/2016-186","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Methodology for blocking unauthorised internet games","publisher":"Ministry of Finance, Czech Republic","url":"https://www.mfcr.cz/assets/attachments/2024-04-02_Metodicky-pokyn-k-plneni-povinnosti-souvisejicich-s-blokaci.pdf","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Excluded Persons Register information","publisher":"Ministry of Finance, Czech Republic","url":"https://www.mfcr.cz/cs/soukromy-sektor/hazardni-hry/rejstrik-vyloucenych-osob-rvo/pro-verejnost","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"dk","name":"Denmark","iso":"DK","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Northern Europe","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":18,"sources":6,"claims":12,"confidence":{"high":12,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"Danish online-casino licences cover up to five years and require application, certification and regulator approval."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"The online-casino licence can cover roulette, blackjack, baccarat, punto banco, poker, online bingo, slots and combination games."},{"label":"Advertising","text":"Advertising unlicensed gambling is illegal, including paid or commission-based referrals by streamers."},{"label":"Self Exclusion","text":"ROFUS enables 24-hour, temporary or permanent exclusion from all Danish online gambling, land casinos and land betting shops."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Bonus and playthrough rules","publisher":"Danish Gambling Authority","url":"https://spillemyndigheden.dk/en-us/public-and-players/offers-bonuses-and-playthrough-requirements-understanding-gambling-operators-terms-and-conditions","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Illegal gambling and advertising","publisher":"Danish Gambling Authority","url":"https://spillemyndigheden.dk/en-us/businesses-and-associations/illegal-gambling","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Online casino licensing","publisher":"Danish Gambling Authority","url":"https://www.spillemyndigheden.dk/onlinekasino","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"dj","name":"Djibouti","iso":"DJ","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Eastern Africa","model":"unclear","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_established","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":6,"confidence":{"high":3,"medium":3,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"Authorised physical casino categories include roulette, blackjack, craps, baccarat, circle games and certain machines."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Law 39/AN/83 regulating gambling","publisher":"Official Journal of Djibouti","url":"https://www.journalofficiel.dj/arabe/texte-juridique/loi-n39-an-83-1ere-l-reglementant-les-jeux-en-republique-de-djibouti-abrogeant-et-remplacant-la-deliberation-n-311-7e-l-du-12-decembre-1972/","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Law 83/AN/95 regulating slot-machine games","publisher":"Official Journal of Djibouti","url":"https://www.journalofficiel.dj/texte-juridique/loi-n83-an-95-3e-l-reglementant-les-jeux-des-machines-a-sous-en-republique-de-djibouti/","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"dm","name":"Dominica","iso":"DM","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"Caribbean","model":"unclear","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_established","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":2,"confidence":{"high":0,"medium":0,"low":2},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"No domestic remote-casino licence route was established from the accessible official legal record."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Dominica's accessible official law catalogues did not establish whether online casino supply is authorised or prohibited."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Official Gazette laws catalogue","publisher":"Government Printery of Dominica","url":"https://printery.dominica.gov.dm/Gazettes/Indexp/1","tier":"Tier 3 Government"},{"title":"Laws of Dominica catalogue","publisher":"Government of the Commonwealth of Dominica","url":"https://www.dominica.gov.dm/laws-of-dominica","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"do","name":"Dominican Republic","iso":"DO","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"Caribbean","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":18,"sources":4,"claims":11,"confidence":{"high":11,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"Applicants must satisfy corporate, technical, security, audit, local-presence and guarantee requirements administered by the DCJA."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"The internet licence framework covers online casino, sports betting and other approved internet gambling."},{"label":"Advertising","text":"Advertising may not target minors or vulnerable people, mislead, imply gambling solves financial problems, or omit prescribed warnings and help information."},{"label":"Self Exclusion","text":"A national self-exclusion register applies to all operators; online platforms must block registered people for at least six months."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Resolution 136-2024 regulating authorisation to operate internet gambling","publisher":"Directorate of Casinos and Gambling, Dominican Republic","url":"https://www.casinos.gob.do/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Resolucion-num.-136-2024-2.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Resolution 184-2026 on responsible gambling and the National Self-Exclusion System","publisher":"Directorate of Casinos and Gambling, Dominican Republic","url":"https://www.casinos.gob.do/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/Resolucion-Num.-184-2026.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Official gambling legal framework register","publisher":"Directorate of Casinos and Gambling, Dominican Republic","url":"https://www.casinos.gob.do/marco-legal/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"ec","name":"Ecuador","iso":"EC","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"South America","model":"prohibited","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":6,"confidence":{"high":2,"medium":4,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Prohibited Products","text":"Operating casinos, gaming halls, betting houses and chance-game businesses is criminalised."},{"label":"Enforcement","text":"COIP Article 236 provides imprisonment and confiscation for prohibited gambling operations, with an aggravated penalty for disguised for-profit schemes."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Comprehensive Organic Criminal Code","publisher":"National Assembly of Ecuador","url":"https://www.asambleanacional.gob.ec/documentos/asamblea2013-2017/sala-prensa/coip-registro-oficial.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Regulation for applying the Internal Tax Regime Law","publisher":"Internal Revenue Service of Ecuador","url":"https://www.sri.gob.ec/o/sri-portlet-biblioteca-alfresco-internet/descargar/c3938b84-4174-4ca8-8c60-05112dfb9265/Reglamento%20para%20la%20Aplicaci%C3%B3n%20de%20la%20Ley%20de%20R%C3%A9gimen%20Tributario%20Interno.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"eg","name":"Egypt","iso":"EG","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Northern Africa","model":"unclear","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_established","age":null,"sources":3,"claims":5,"confidence":{"high":0,"medium":4,"low":1},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"The Tourism Ministry may license specified hotel or tourism establishments to offer physical gambling to non-Egyptians; this is not an online licence."},{"label":"Prohibited Products","text":"Preparing premises for public gambling is punishable under Penal Code Article 352 outside the licensed physical exception."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Penal Code 58/1937, current consolidated text","publisher":"Official Gazette of Egypt","url":"https://manshurat.org/node/14677","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Law 8/2022 regulating hotel and tourism establishments","publisher":"Official Gazette of Egypt","url":"https://manshurat.org/sites/default/files/8_111.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Parliamentary approval record for the hotel and tourism establishments law","publisher":"House of Representatives of Egypt","url":"https://www.parliament.gov.eg/News_Show.aspx?frm=4289","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"sv","name":"El Salvador","iso":"SV","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"Central America","model":"licensed_restricted","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":null,"sources":4,"claims":5,"confidence":{"high":2,"medium":2,"low":1},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"The Organic Law of the National Charity Lottery (Legislative Decree 251, 21 December 2021) covers online games, including bingo, keno, slot machines, card games, instant games and roulette, which may be offered only with LNB authorisation (a permit and operator licence)."},{"label":"Enforcement","text":"Municipalities may cancel authorisations and close establishments exploiting prohibited chance games under Decree 930."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Decree 930 on closure of establishments exploiting prohibited games of chance","publisher":"Legislative Assembly of El Salvador","url":"https://www.asamblea.gob.sv/sites/default/files/documents/decretos/171117_072904385_archivo_documento_legislativo.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Organic Law of the National Charity Lottery (Legislative Decree 251, 2021)","publisher":"Lotería Nacional de Beneficencia","url":"https://www.lnb.gob.sv/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/NUEVA-LEY-ORGANICA-DE-LA-LNB.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Authorised operators list","publisher":"Lotería Nacional de Beneficencia","url":"https://www.lnb.gob.sv/operadores-autorizados/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"gq","name":"Equatorial Guinea","iso":"GQ","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Middle Africa","model":"licensed_restricted","consumer":"restricted","licence":"restricted","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":7,"confidence":{"high":4,"medium":3,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"The Tourism Ministry granted master licence 0107-LE025-BN under Laws 2/1995 and 10/2017 for remote gambling and casino licensing."},{"label":"Responsible Gambling","text":"Remote operators must publish gambling-risk information, exclude vulnerable users and apply age-verification controls."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Fiscal Fees Law","publisher":"Government of Equatorial Guinea","url":"https://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/pdf/LeydeTasasFiscales.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Government grants online gaming master licence to Mascott Capital Partners","publisher":"Government of Equatorial Guinea","url":"https://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/noticias/el_gobierno_otorga_la_licencia_a_mascott_capital_partners","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"er","name":"Eritrea","iso":"ER","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Eastern Africa","model":"prohibited","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":5,"confidence":{"high":1,"medium":3,"low":1},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Prohibited Products","text":"Casino operations are prohibited under Proclamation 72/1995 according to the 2025 mutual evaluation."},{"label":"Enforcement","text":"The mutual evaluation reports no casino operations and identifies gambling-operation offences in the older criminal framework, while the current remote position remains untested."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Eritrea Mutual Evaluation Report 2025","publisher":"Eastern and Southern Africa Anti-Money Laundering Group","url":"https://www.fatf-gafi.org/content/dam/fatf-gafi/fsrb-mer/Eritrea-MER-2025.pdf.coredownload.inline.pdf","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Issued laws and legal notices catalogue","publisher":"Ministry of Justice of Eritrea","url":"https://mojeritrea.net/laws/","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"ee","name":"Estonia","iso":"EE","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Northern Europe","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":21,"sources":4,"claims":12,"confidence":{"high":12,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"Remote games of chance require an Estonian activity licence and a separate operating permit, with control-system connection and technical review."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"Remote permits may cover games of chance, toto, games of skill and qualifying lotteries, each licensed separately."},{"label":"Self Exclusion","text":"People may set gambling restrictions for casino games, poker, toto and classical lotteries; authorised operators must enforce active restrictions."},{"label":"Responsible Gambling","text":"Remote operators must display addiction warnings, help contacts, rules, licence details and player costs."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Gambling Act, current consolidated English text","publisher":"Riigi Teataja, Estonia","url":"https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/akt/513012026001","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Applying for gambling permits","publisher":"Estonian Tax and Customs Board","url":"https://www.emta.ee/en/business-client/registration-business/gambling-operators/applying-permits","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Setting restrictions on gambling","publisher":"Estonian Tax and Customs Board","url":"https://www.emta.ee/en/private-client/e-services-tax-literacy/registers-inquiries/setting-restrictions-gambling","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"sz","name":"Eswatini","iso":"SZ","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Southern Africa","model":"unclear","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_established","age":null,"sources":3,"claims":5,"confidence":{"high":2,"medium":3,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"A Casino Act licence is an exclusive licence for a qualifying hotel-based casino supervised by the Gaming Board and Minister."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"Licensed physical casinos may offer cards, dice, roulette and other approved mechanical games."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Casino Act 56 of 1963, latest published consolidation","publisher":"Eswatini legal information institute","url":"https://eswatinilii.org/akn/sz/act/1963/56/eng@1998-12-01","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Crimes Act 6 of 1889, gaming provisions","publisher":"Eswatini legal information institute","url":"https://eswatinilii.org/akn/sz/act/1889/6/eng@1998-12-01","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Electronic Communications Act","publisher":"Government of Eswatini","url":"https://www.gov.sz/images/ICT/ELECTRONIC-COMMUNICATIOACT.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"et","name":"Ethiopia","iso":"ET","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Eastern Africa","model":"unclear","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_established","age":null,"sources":4,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":2,"medium":1,"low":1},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"The Ethiopian Lottery Service and revenue authorities permit and supervise lottery activity and control illegal lottery operations."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"Official sources establish state and licensed private lottery activity plus separately directed sports-betting lotteries."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Ethiopian Lottery Service Re-establishment Proclamation 510/2007","publisher":"Federal Negarit Gazette of Ethiopia","url":"https://www.ffic.gov.et/Portals/0/%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20510.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Sports Betting Lottery Licensing Directive 856/2014","publisher":"Ministry of Justice of Ethiopia","url":"https://justice.gov.et/en/directives/sports-betting-lottery-licensing-directive-no-856-2014/","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Legal and institutional history of Ethiopian lottery licensing","publisher":"Ethiopian Lottery Service","url":"https://els.gov.et/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"fj","name":"Fiji","iso":"FJ","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Oceania","subregion":"Melanesia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":3,"claims":6,"confidence":{"high":6,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Prohibited Products","text":"Casino operations and casino games through any medium are prohibited except narrow charitable event licensing; internet use is categorically excluded."},{"label":"Enforcement","text":"Unlicensed remote operators face FJ$10,000 and five years; facilitators and players face FJ$5,000 and two years."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Gaming Decree 2009, now Gaming Act 2009","publisher":"Fiji Government Gazette","url":"https://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/num_act/gd200979.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Gambling Turnover Tax guidance","publisher":"Fiji Revenue and Customs Service","url":"https://frcs.org.fj/our-services/taxation-section/non-individuals/reporting-and-paying-taxes/gambling-turnover-tax-gtt/","tier":"Tier 3 Government"},{"title":"Standard Interpretation Guideline 2021-40: Gambling Turnover Tax","publisher":"Fiji Revenue and Customs Service","url":"https://www.frcs.org.fj/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/SIG-2021-40-Gambling-Turnover-Tax.pdf","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"fi","name":"Finland","iso":"FI","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Northern Europe","model":"monopoly","consumer":"restricted","licence":"exclusive","age":18,"sources":7,"claims":13,"confidence":{"high":12,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":{"label":"Future change recorded","note":"Competitive gambling licences take effect and the Veikkaus monopoly ends on 1 July 2027; software licensing follows on 1 July 2028."},"facts":[{"label":"Advertising","text":"Until July 2027, only Veikkaus may market gambling in mainland Finland; targeting by affiliates and foreign operators is prohibited."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Frequently asked questions about gambling","publisher":"National Police Board of Finland","url":"https://poliisi.fi/en/frequently-asked-questions-about-gambling","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Gambling and licence transition","publisher":"National Police Board of Finland","url":"https://poliisi.fi/gambling","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Illegal gambling","publisher":"National Police Board of Finland","url":"https://poliisi.fi/illegal-gambling","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"fr","name":"France","iso":"FR","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Western Europe","model":"prohibited","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_available","age":18,"sources":7,"claims":11,"confidence":{"high":10,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"Authorised online products are sports betting, horse betting, poker and the monopoly lottery offer."},{"label":"Prohibited Products","text":"Online slots, roulette, blackjack and other online casino games are prohibited."},{"label":"Advertising","text":"Advertising for illegal gambling is prohibited; legal-offer advertising may not encourage excessive play, target minors or present gambling as livelihood."},{"label":"Enforcement","text":"Offering illegal online casino can trigger imprisonment and fines; advertising illegal offers also carries criminal penalties."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Law 2010-476 on opening and regulating online gambling","publisher":"Légifrance","url":"https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000022204510","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Guidelines for gambling commercial communications","publisher":"Autorité nationale des jeux","url":"https://anj.fr/lignes-directrices","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Prohibition on gambling sales and access for minors","publisher":"Autorité nationale des jeux","url":"https://anj.fr/foire-aux-questions/est-ce-que-la-vente-de-jeux-dargent-et-de-hasard-est-autorisee-aux-mineurs-en","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"ga","name":"Gabon","iso":"GA","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Middle Africa","model":"prohibited","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_available","age":21,"sources":3,"claims":9,"confidence":{"high":7,"medium":2,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"Physical casinos require authorisation; betting requires a licence; online betting and poker companies use the declaration regime with favourable ministerial review."},{"label":"Prohibited Products","text":"Products outside the authorised statutory categories are prohibited, which excludes online casino from the remote category."},{"label":"Responsible Gambling","text":"Operators must provide self-exclusion, moderation, deposit and stake limits, balances and risk warnings."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Decree 0085/PR/MI implementing the gambling framework","publisher":"Official Journal of Gabon","url":"https://journal-officiel.ga/13947-0085-pr-mi/","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Law 040/2020 regulating entertainment, money and games of chance","publisher":"Official Journal of Gabon","url":"https://www.journal-officiel.ga/13281-040-2020-/","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Finance Law 041/2025, gambling tax amendments","publisher":"Official Journal of Gabon","url":"https://journal-officiel.ga/22265-041-2025-/","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"gm","name":"Gambia","iso":"GM","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Western Africa","model":"unclear","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_established","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":1,"medium":2,"low":1},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Enforcement","text":"The Criminal Offences Act penalises common gaming houses and repeat visitors, while remote enforcement was not specified."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Criminal Offences Act 2025","publisher":"Ministry of Justice of The Gambia","url":"https://moj.gov.gm/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Assent-Copy-Criminal-Offences-Act-2025-Passed-28th-March-2025.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Casinos, lotteries and other games of chance sector page","publisher":"Financial Intelligence Unit of The Gambia","url":"https://fiu.gov.gm/casinos-lotteries-and-other-games-of-chance/","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"ge","name":"Georgia","iso":"GE","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Western Asia","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":null,"sources":3,"claims":8,"confidence":{"high":8,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":{"label":"Age varies by population","note":"The evidence supports age 25 for Georgian citizens and 18 for foreign citizens or stateless people, so no single national age is charted."},"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"Revenue Service issues and administers permits for online casino, slots and betting, with website, system and local contact requirements."},{"label":"Self Exclusion","text":"Operators must exclude people listed as dependent or prohibited, and Revenue Service supplies participation-prohibition status for checks."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Law on licence and permit fees","publisher":"Legislative Herald of Georgia","url":"https://www.matsne.gov.ge/en/document/view/12880?publication=83","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Law on organising lotteries, games of chance and other prize games","publisher":"Legislative Herald of Georgia","url":"https://www.matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/30988?impose=original","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"System-electronic gambling permits and requirements","publisher":"Revenue Service of Georgia","url":"https://www.rs.ge/PersonsTaxes?cat=6&tab=1","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"de","name":"Germany","iso":"DE","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Western Europe","model":"mixed","consumer":"restricted","licence":"mixed","age":18,"sources":9,"claims":13,"confidence":{"high":13,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"Only sites and products on the official whitelist hold a German permission; table-game permissions can be geographically limited to a Land."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"Regulated virtual slots are separately categorised from roulette, blackjack and baccarat table games in Germany."},{"label":"Self Exclusion","text":"All regulated providers must use OASIS; self-exclusion is at least three months, third-party exclusion at least twelve months, and a panic button gives 24-hour exclusion."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Glücksspielstaatsvertrag 2021 and consolidated statutory materials","publisher":"Gemeinsame Glücksspielbehörde der Länder","url":"https://www.gluecksspiel-behoerde.de/de/fuer-gluecksspielanbieter/gesetzliche-regelungen","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"What legal online casinos are permitted in Germany","publisher":"Gemeinsame Glücksspielbehörde der Länder","url":"https://www.gluecksspiel-behoerde.de/de/fuer-spielende/informationen-fuer-spielende-faqs/faq-was-sind-legale-online-casinos-in-deutschland","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Criminal consequences of participating in illegal gambling","publisher":"Gemeinsame Glücksspielbehörde der Länder","url":"https://www.gluecksspiel-behoerde.de/de/fuer-spielende/informationen-fuer-spielende-faqs/faq-illegales-gluecksspiel/faq-teilnahme-an-illegalen-gluecksspielen-risiken-fuer-spielende","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"gh","name":"Ghana","iso":"GH","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Western Africa","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":18,"sources":5,"claims":9,"confidence":{"high":6,"medium":3,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"A game-of-chance operator must be a limited company licensed for the specified activity and meet office, ownership, capital, clearance and records-access conditions."},{"label":"Advertising","text":"Commission advertising guidelines require warning messages on gaming operators' communications and marketing materials."},{"label":"Self Exclusion","text":"The Commission operates a self-exclusion process and requires operators to provide tools supporting exclusion and safer play."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Gaming Act 2006, Act 721","publisher":"Gaming Commission of Ghana","url":"https://www.gamingcommission.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Gaming-Act-2006.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Gaming Commission and FIC train operators on AML/CFT","publisher":"Gaming Commission of Ghana","url":"https://www.gamingcommission.gov.gh/2022/11/29/gaming-commission-fic-train-gaming-operators-on-aml-cft/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Licensed operators register 2026","publisher":"Gaming Commission of Ghana","url":"https://www.gamingcommission.gov.gh/licensed-operators/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"gr","name":"Greece","iso":"GR","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Southern Europe","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":21,"sources":4,"claims":9,"confidence":{"high":8,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"HGC licenses and supervises online providers and publishes authorised and unauthorised website lists for legal-offer verification."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"Type 1 covers online betting; Type 2 covers RNG casino games, live casino and poker."},{"label":"Self Exclusion","text":"Licensed players have temporary abstention and self-exclusion mechanisms administered under the online-gambling regulation."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"HGC affiliate suitability and register decision","publisher":"Government Gazette of the Hellenic Republic","url":"https://licensing.gamingcommission.gov.gr/shared%20documents/FEK-2020-B-04140.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Decision 79835 EX 2020: regulation of online games","publisher":"Government Gazette of the Hellenic Republic","url":"https://licensing.gamingcommission.gov.gr/shared%20documents/FEK-2020-B-03265.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Forbidden-access and blacklist notice","publisher":"Hellenic Gaming Commission","url":"https://www.gamingcommission.gov.gr/forbidden-access-black-list/?p=home&pid=1","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"gd","name":"Grenada","iso":"GD","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"Caribbean","model":"licensed_restricted","consumer":"restricted","licence":"restricted","age":null,"sources":3,"claims":5,"confidence":{"high":1,"medium":3,"low":1},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"The Gaming Commission registers activities and recommends licences; the Minister grants the relevant gaming licence."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Gaming Act 2016, Act 21","publisher":"Grenada Parliament","url":"https://grenadaparliament.gd/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Act-No.-21-of-2016-Gaming-Act.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Gaming Regulations 2016, SRO 48","publisher":"Grenada Parliament","url":"https://grenadaparliament.gd/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/S.R.O.-48-of-2016-Gaming-Regulations.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Gaming tax guidance","publisher":"Grenada Inland Revenue Division","url":"https://www.ird.gd/taxes/gaming-tax","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"gt","name":"Guatemala","iso":"GT","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"Central America","model":"unclear","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_established","age":null,"sources":3,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":1,"medium":3,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Enforcement","text":"Gaming-house operators face one to five years' imprisonment and fines; physical attendees face fines."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Penal Code, Decree 17-73","publisher":"Judicial Branch of Guatemala","url":"https://jurisprudencia.oj.gob.gt/Expediente/frmContenido.aspx?BUSCAR1=&MARCADOR=&NOTAID=&OPCION=2&PARAMETRO=108540","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Status of proposed gambling regulation initiative 4294","publisher":"Congress of the Republic of Guatemala","url":"https://www.congreso.gob.gt/detalle_pdf/iniciativas/1225","tier":"Tier 3 Government"},{"title":"Committee opinion on 2025 gambling-machine reform initiative","publisher":"Congress of the Republic of Guatemala","url":"https://www.congreso.gob.gt/noticias_congreso/14798/2025/3","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"gn","name":"Guinea","iso":"GN","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Western Africa","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":18,"sources":3,"claims":6,"confidence":{"high":6,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"ARSJPA may authorise all forms of gambling, control operator obligations and combat illegal sites."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"The approved register lists sports betting, lotteries, online games, virtual games and online casino among authorised products."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Decree D/2023/045 creating and organising ARSJPA","publisher":"General Secretariat of the Government of Guinea","url":"https://www.sgg.gov.gn/document/downloadfile/347","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Official register of approved platforms","publisher":"Autorité de Régulation du Secteur des Jeux et Pratiques Assimilées","url":"https://arsjpa.gov.gn/plateformes-agreees/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"ARSJPA mission and regulatory powers","publisher":"Autorité de Régulation du Secteur des Jeux et Pratiques Assimilées","url":"https://arsjpa.gov.gn/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"gw","name":"Guinea-Bissau","iso":"GW","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Western Africa","model":"unclear","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_established","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":0,"medium":1,"low":3},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"The Ministry of Tourism grants licences for opening and operating land casinos, although no operational casino existed at the 2021 on-site review."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"UEMOA uniform AML law and Decision 26/2015","publisher":"Central Bank of West African States","url":"https://downloads.bceao.int/index.php/fr/reglementations?field_hashtags_target_id=47","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Guinea-Bissau Mutual Evaluation Report 2022","publisher":"GIABA","url":"https://apisec.giaba.org/api/storage/f/7a719129eecb788a92ae783de25110dddc997e84d93750ba53c6a775633948ec/1197_ENG%20-%20Guinea%20Bissau%20MER%203%20-%20POST%20PLENARY%20VERSION%20-%20Q%26C%20PUB%20DEV51322.pdf","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"gy","name":"Guyana","iso":"GY","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"South America","model":"unclear","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_established","age":null,"sources":3,"claims":6,"confidence":{"high":2,"medium":3,"low":1},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"A casino requires both a premises licence and an operator licence, with no more than three premises licences in each region and qualifying-hotel conditions."},{"label":"Enforcement","text":"Breaching the casino premises, operator or admission rules can attract G$1 million to G$20 million and six months to two years' imprisonment."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Gambling Prevention Act, Chapter 9:02","publisher":"Ministry of Legal Affairs of Guyana","url":"https://mola.gov.gy/laws/Volume%203%20Cap.%206.03%20-%2010.071696982460.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Gambling Prevention (Amendment) Act 2007","publisher":"Parliament of Guyana","url":"https://parliament.gov.gy/publications/acts-of-parliament/gambling-prevention-amendment-act-2007","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"AML/CFT reporting entities and Gaming Authority supervision","publisher":"Guyana Revenue Authority","url":"https://gra.gov.gy/faqs/","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"ht","name":"Haiti","iso":"HT","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"Caribbean","model":"unclear","consumer":"unclear","licence":"available","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":5,"confidence":{"high":1,"medium":3,"low":1},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"LEH regulates and controls money-gambling activity; internet products are expressly subject to authorisation and exploitation charges."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Rectified General Budget 2014-2015, Special No. 2","publisher":"Ministry of Economy and Finance of Haiti","url":"https://www.mef.gouv.ht/storage/app/uploads/public/630/0da/5d1/6300da5d101d2047934269.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Loterie de l'Etat Haitien mandate","publisher":"Ministry of Economy and Finance of Haiti","url":"https://mef.gouv.ht/directions/og_autonomes","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"va","name":"Holy See","iso":"VA","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Southern Europe","model":"unclear","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_established","age":null,"sources":3,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":0,"medium":0,"low":3},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"No official civil-law rule specifically governing resident use of internet casinos was established."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"No Vatican remote-casino licence category or application route was located in the official legislation catalogue."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"No gambling-specific online casino permission or prohibition was established in the reviewed official Vatican legislation catalogue."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Legislation and regulations catalogue","publisher":"Governorate of Vatican City State","url":"https://vaticanstate.va/en/state-and-government/legislation-and-regulations.html","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Law No. LXXI on the sources of law","publisher":"Governorate of Vatican City State","url":"https://www.vaticanstate.va/phocadownload/laws-decrees/Law%20N.%20LXXI%20-%20Law%20on%20the%20sources%20of%20law.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Catechism paragraph 2413 on games of chance","publisher":"Holy See","url":"https://www.vatican.va/content/catechism/en/part_three/section_two/chapter_two/article_7/ii_respect_for_persons_and_their_goods.html","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"hn","name":"Honduras","iso":"HN","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"Central America","model":"unclear","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_established","age":null,"sources":3,"claims":5,"confidence":{"high":1,"medium":2,"low":2},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"Casino operation requires authorisation under Decree 488 and is framed as a regulated tourism activity."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Casino, Wagering and Games of Chance Law, Decree 488","publisher":"Tribunal Superior de Cuentas of Honduras","url":"https://www.tsc.gob.hn/web/leyes/Ley_de_Casino_Juegos_Envite_Azar.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Games of chance sector","publisher":"URMOPRELAFT, National Banking and Insurance Commission","url":"https://urmoprelaft.cnbs.gob.hn/juegos-de-azar/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Customer due diligence guidance for designated non-financial activities","publisher":"National Banking and Insurance Commission","url":"https://pplaft.cnbs.gob.hn/debida-diligencia-del-cliente/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"hu","name":"Hungary","iso":"HU","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Eastern Europe","model":"licensed_restricted","consumer":"restricted","licence":"restricted","age":18,"sources":5,"claims":7,"confidence":{"high":7,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"The public register identifies current authorised online casino domains, including kaszino.hu, vegas.hu and xcasino.hu."},{"label":"Self Exclusion","text":"Licensed online casinos must provide self-exclusion and player-set deposit, stake, loss and time limits."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Benefits of licensed gambling and risks of unlicensed gambling","publisher":"Supervisory Authority for Regulatory Affairs","url":"https://sztfh.hu/tevekenysegek/szerencsejatek-felugyelet/jatekosi-tudnivalok-az-engedelyes-szerencsejatek-elonyeirol-es-az-engedely-nelkuli-szerencsejatekban-torteno-reszvetel-veszelyeirol/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Online casino games authorisation","publisher":"Supervisory Authority for Regulatory Affairs","url":"https://sztfh.hu/tevekenysegek/szerencsejatek-felugyelet/engedelykoteles-szerencsejatekok/online-kaszinojatek/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Player information and age restrictions","publisher":"Supervisory Authority for Regulatory Affairs","url":"https://sztfh.hu/tevekenysegek/szerencsejatek-felugyelet/amit-jatekoskent-a-szerencsejatekrol-tudni-erdemes/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"is","name":"Iceland","iso":"IS","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Northern Europe","model":"prohibited","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":3,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":2,"medium":1,"low":1},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Enforcement","text":"A person who makes gambling or betting a livelihood, or induces others to participate, may be fined or imprisoned for up to one year."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Current laws collection","publisher":"Althingi","url":"https://www.althingi.is/lagasafn/listi-yfir-lagar/","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"General Penal Code No. 19/1940","publisher":"Government of Iceland","url":"https://www.government.is/lisalib/getfile.aspx?itemid=dd8240cc-c8d5-11e9-9449-005056bc530c","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"National Risk Assessment of Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing","publisher":"Government of Iceland","url":"https://www.government.is/library/contentfiles/National%20Risk%20Assessment.pdf","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"in","name":"India","iso":"IN","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Southern Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":3,"claims":9,"confidence":{"high":8,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"Permitted categories are e-sports and online social games that do not involve staking money for winnings; online money games are prohibited."},{"label":"Advertising","text":"Advertising promoting an online money game is prohibited by the 2025 Act."},{"label":"Enforcement","text":"The framework authorises blocking, investigation and penalties against prohibited online money-game supply, advertising and payment facilitation."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Act 2025, ss 1, 5-7","publisher":"India Code","url":"https://www.indiacode.nic.in/indiacode/handle/123456789/22148?col=123456789%2F1362&view_type=search","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Overview of the PROG Act 2025","publisher":"Government of India PIB","url":"https://www.pib.gov.in/PressNoteDetails.aspx?ModuleId=3&NoteId=158400&lang=1&reg=44","tier":"Tier 3 Government"},{"title":"Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Rules, 2026","publisher":"Ministry of Electronics and IT via PIB","url":"https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2254606&lang=1&reg=3&v=4","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"id","name":"Indonesia","iso":"ID","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"South-Eastern Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":4,"claims":5,"confidence":{"high":5,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Advertising","text":"Distributing, transmitting or making electronic gambling content accessible is punishable by up to ten years' imprisonment or a Rp10 billion fine."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Law No. 1 of 2024 amending the Electronic Information and Transactions Law","publisher":"Ministry of Communication and Digital Affairs","url":"https://jdih.komdigi.go.id/produk_hukum/view/id/884/t/undangundang%20nomor%201%20tahun%202024","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Law No. 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code","publisher":"Audit Board legal database of Indonesia","url":"https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Download/287456/UU%20Nomor%201%20Tahun%202023.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Ministerial Instruction No. 1 of 2023 on eradicating online and slot gambling","publisher":"Ministry of Communication and Digital Affairs","url":"https://jdih.komdigi.go.id/produk_hukum/unduh/id/874/t/instruksi%2Bmenteri%2Bkomunikasi%2Bdan%2Binformatika%2Bnomor%2B1%2Btahun%2B2023","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"ir","name":"Iran","iso":"IR","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Southern Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":3,"claims":5,"confidence":{"high":2,"medium":3,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Advertising","text":"Advertising, promoting, encouraging or inviting people to online gambling, betting or lotteries is treated as criminal assistance."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Law amending Articles 705 to 711 of Book Five of the Islamic Penal Code","publisher":"Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran","url":"https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/1789976","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Islamic Penal Code official Majlis record","publisher":"International Labour Organization NATLEX","url":"https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_isn=103202&p_lang=en","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Updated criminal-content list for online gambling and betting","publisher":"Iranian Working Group for Determining Instances of Criminal Content","url":"https://internet.ir/online-gambling-criminal-content","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"iq","name":"Iraq","iso":"IQ","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Western Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":3,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":3,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Enforcement","text":"Organisers may face up to one year of imprisonment and confiscation; courts may close the gambling venue."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Penal Code No. 111 of 1969","publisher":"Iraqi Legal Database","url":"https://iraqld.msla.iq/legislations/showlegislation?lawbookid=25860","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Luring youth into gambling: judicial warnings","publisher":"Supreme Judicial Council of Iraq","url":"https://www.sjc.iq/view-en.79261/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Framework regulations for digital platforms and services","publisher":"Communications and Media Commission of Iraq","url":"https://cmc.iq/ar/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Framework-regulations-for-digital-platforms-and-services-ar.pdf","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"ie","name":"Ireland","iso":"IE","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Northern Europe","model":"mixed","consumer":"restricted","licence":"mixed","age":18,"sources":6,"claims":6,"confidence":{"high":4,"medium":2,"low":0},"conflicts":1,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"GRAI publishes intended remote gaming B2C category, but this page does not establish that remote casino licences have been issued or the games approved in October 2026."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Gambling Regulation Act 2024","publisher":"Office of the Attorney General of Ireland","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2024/act/35/enacted/en/html","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Gambling Regulation Act 2024, section 86 gaming licences","publisher":"Office of the Attorney General of Ireland","url":"https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2024/act/35/section/86/enacted/en/html","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Licence application guidance and phasing","publisher":"Gambling Regulatory Authority of Ireland","url":"https://www.grai.ie/licensing-regulation/business-to-consumer-licenses/licensing-phasing","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"il","name":"Israel","iso":"IL","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Western Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":3,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":3,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"The Penal Law prohibits participation in prohibited games, lotteries and betting, so online casino play is not treated as lawful consumer access."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"No commercial remote-casino licence route exists; narrow public-body permissions do not extend to private internet casinos."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Israeli law does not permit casinos, including internet casinos; lawful gambling is limited principally to state-authorised lottery and sports betting monopolies."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Illegal gambling conducted over the internet","publisher":"State Comptroller of Israel","url":"https://library.mevaker.gov.il/sites/DigitalLibrary/Pages/Reports/623-11.aspx","tier":"Tier 3 Government"},{"title":"Moneyval mutual evaluation follow-up","publisher":"Government of Israel","url":"https://www.gov.il/BlobFolder/generalpage/government-mer/en/periodic-docs_Israel_MER_2013.pdf","tier":"Tier 3 Government"},{"title":"National Risk Assessment: gambling","publisher":"Government of Israel","url":"https://www.gov.il/BlobFolder/generalpage/risk-nra/en/periodic-docs_nra_eng_2017.pdf","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"it","name":"Italy","iso":"IT","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Southern Europe","model":"licensed_restricted","consumer":"restricted","licence":"restricted","age":18,"sources":14,"claims":19,"confidence":{"high":11,"medium":4,"low":4},"conflicts":6,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"ADM remote gaming concessions are required for prescribed Italian real-money online casino products."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"Decree 41/2024 Article 6 authorises specified remote skill/card and chance-game categories through the relevant concession arrangements."},{"label":"Advertising","text":"Italy broadly prohibits direct and indirect advertising/sponsorship of money gambling, including online."},{"label":"Self Exclusion","text":"Article 15 mandates remote player self-exclusion tools, including product-specific options; ADM registry mechanics remain unverified."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Decree-Law 98/2011, Article 24(20): minors excluded from public games with cash prizes","publisher":"Normattiva","url":"https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legge:2011-07-06;98","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Legge 7 luglio 2009, n. 88, articolo 24","publisher":"Gazzetta Ufficiale","url":"https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2009/07/14/009G0097/sg","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Decreto legislativo 25 marzo 2024, n. 41, Articolo 6 (concessioni gioco a distanza)","publisher":"Gazzetta Ufficiale","url":"https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaArticolo?art.codiceRedazionale=24G00060&art.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2024-04-03&art.flagTipoArticolo=0&art.idArticolo=6&art.idGruppo=2&art.idSottoArticolo=1&art.idSottoArticolo1=10&art.progressivo=0&art.versione=1","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"jm","name":"Jamaica","iso":"JM","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"Caribbean","model":"mixed","consumer":"restricted","licence":"mixed","age":18,"sources":4,"claims":5,"confidence":{"high":2,"medium":3,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"BGLC licences betting, gaming machines, lotteries and related providers, while the Casino Gaming Commission regulates resort casino gaming."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Betting, Gaming and Lotteries Act","publisher":"Ministry of Justice of Jamaica","url":"https://laws.moj.gov.jm/library/statute/the-betting-gaming-and-lotteries-act","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Casino Gaming Act","publisher":"Ministry of Justice of Jamaica","url":"https://laws.moj.gov.jm/legislation/statutes/C/Casino%20Gaming.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"BGLA Amendments Handbook","publisher":"Betting, Gaming and Lotteries Commission","url":"https://www.bglc.gov.jm/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Amendments-Handbook-revised-Jan-28-2015_0.pdf","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"jp","name":"Japan","iso":"JP","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Eastern Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":3,"claims":5,"confidence":{"high":4,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Advertising","text":"From 25 September 2025, presenting or advertising illegal online-gambling sites and publishing inducement links to people in Japan is prohibited."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Illegal online information countermeasures","publisher":"National Police Agency of Japan","url":"https://www.npa.go.jp/bureau/cyber/countermeasures/illegal-info.html","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Using online casinos for gambling is a crime","publisher":"National Police Agency of Japan","url":"https://www.npa.go.jp/bureau/safetylife/hoan/onlinecasino/onlinecasino.html","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"National Risk Assessment 2024, online casinos","publisher":"National Police Agency of Japan","url":"https://www.npa.go.jp/sosikihanzai/jafic/en/nenzihokoku_e/data/jafic_nra_e2024.pdf","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"jo","name":"Jordan","iso":"JO","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Western Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":3,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":2,"medium":1,"low":1},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Enforcement","text":"Operating a common gaming house is punishable by up to six months' imprisonment and a fine; gambling equipment may be seized and forfeited."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Official Gazette issue 5996, Penal Code amendment 12/2025","publisher":"Prime Ministry of Jordan","url":"https://pm.gov.jo/Ar/Pages/NewsPaperDetails/5996","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Official laws catalogue","publisher":"Ministry of Justice of Jordan","url":"https://www.moj.gov.jo/EN/List/Laws","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Jordan Penal Code No. 16 of 1960, Articles 393-397","publisher":"WIPO Lex","url":"https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/legislation/details/15077","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"kz","name":"Kazakhstan","iso":"KZ","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Central Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"restricted","licence":"not_available","age":21,"sources":3,"claims":6,"confidence":{"high":5,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"Participation in gambling or betting is prohibited for people under 21."},{"label":"Facts.Blocking","text":"Courts may declare an online casino illegal and order suspension or termination, while monitoring data supports access restriction."},{"label":"Facts.Payments","text":"Payment services for foreign gambling organisers listed as illegal in Kazakhstan are prohibited."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Law on Gambling Business","publisher":"Adilet Legal Information System","url":"https://old.adilet.zan.kz/eng/docs/Z070000219_","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Rules for monitoring internet casinos and unlicensed foreign bookmakers","publisher":"Adilet Legal Information System","url":"https://old.adilet.zan.kz/eng/docs/V2100024320","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Civil Procedural Code, Articles 380-381","publisher":"Adilet Legal Information System","url":"https://old.adilet.zan.kz/eng/docs/K1500000377","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"ke","name":"Kenya","iso":"KE","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Eastern Africa","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":18,"sources":5,"claims":8,"confidence":{"high":5,"medium":3,"low":0},"conflicts":1,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"Online licensees must operate an Authority-approved gambling control system and provide real-time regulatory monitoring access."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Gambling Control Act 2025","publisher":"Kenya Law","url":"https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/act/2025/14/eng@2025-08-20/source","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Gambling Control Act 2025, section 68 online gambling controls","publisher":"Kenya Law","url":"https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/act/2025/14/eng@2025-08-20/publication","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Gambling Control Regulations 2026 index","publisher":"Kenya Law","url":"https://new.kenyalaw.org/legislation/?page=3","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"ki","name":"Kiribati","iso":"KI","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Oceania","subregion":"Micronesia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":18,"sources":3,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":0,"medium":4,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"A game of chance involving a player under 18 is illegal."},{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Knowingly participating in an illegal lottery or game of chance is an offence, so unlicensed online casino play is not an authorised consumer channel."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"The 1988 framework contains no internet or remote-casino licence category."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Gaming and Lotteries Act 1988, No. 6","publisher":"Republic of Kiribati via PacLII","url":"https://www.paclii.org/ki/legis/num_act/","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Kiribati National Lottery Board Act 1988, No. 3","publisher":"Republic of Kiribati via PacLII","url":"https://www.paclii.org/ki/legis/num_act/","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Kiribati legislation access and passage of legislation","publisher":"Parliament of Kiribati","url":"https://parliament.gov.ki/index.php/passage-of-legislation","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"kp","name":"North Korea","iso":"KP","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Eastern Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":0,"medium":2,"low":1},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Player conduct is criminalised directly, with short-term labour and more serious reform-through-labour penalties."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Available DPRK criminal-law texts prohibit gambling with money or goods; no commercial online-casino licence framework was established."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"No public remote-casino licence, regulator or application route was established from accessible authoritative materials."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Criminal Law of the DPRK 2015","publisher":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime","url":"https://www.unodc.org/cld/uploads/res/document/prk/criminal_law_of_the_democratic_peoples_republic_of_korea_2015_html/Criminal_Law_of_the_Democratic_Peoples_Republic_of_Korea_2015.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"DPRK Criminal Law consolidated Korean text","publisher":"North Korean Law Information Center","url":"https://www.nk-law.kr/law/%ED%98%95%EB%B2%95","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"kr","name":"South Korea","iso":"KR","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Eastern Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":3,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":4,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Enforcement","text":"Opening a gambling place for gain is punishable by up to five years' imprisonment or a KRW30 million fine."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Criminal Act Articles 246-249","publisher":"Korean Legal Information Institute","url":"https://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_service/jomunPrint.do?cseq=583243&hseq=28627","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"National Gambling Control Commission Act","publisher":"Korean Legal Information Institute","url":"https://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_mobile/viewer.do?hseq=72950&key=17&type=part","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Casino Business Operating Rules","publisher":"National Law Information Center","url":"https://www.law.go.kr/LSW/admRulInfoP.do?admRulSeq=2100000256220&chrClsCd=010201","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"kw","name":"Kuwait","iso":"KW","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Western Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":3,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":2,"medium":2,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Enforcement","text":"Article 205 provides imprisonment and fines for gambling and higher penalties for managing or organising a gambling venue."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Kuwaiti laws catalogue","publisher":"Ministry of Justice of Kuwait","url":"https://www.moj.gov.kw/AR/Pages/MojLaws.aspx","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Kuwaiti Penal Code collection, Law 16/1960","publisher":"Kuwait Institute for Judicial and Legal Studies","url":"https://www.kijls.moj.gov.kw/ar/sections/section4/sub3_section4/Releases/KIJSReleases/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Interior Ministry arrests online-gambling-site gang","publisher":"Kuwait Government Online","url":"https://www.e.gov.kw/sites/kgoEnglish/Pages/ApplicationPages/NewsDetail.aspx?nid=34676789","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"kg","name":"Kyrgyzstan","iso":"KG","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Central Asia","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"available","age":null,"sources":4,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":4,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"The regulator publishes online and virtual casino licence records, including territory, duration and licence number."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Law No. 50 of 2022 on Gambling Activities","publisher":"Ministry of Justice of Kyrgyzstan","url":"https://cbd.minjust.gov.kg/112383/edition/20648/ru","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Warning on illegal 1XBET.KG activity","publisher":"Financial Market Regulation and Supervision Service","url":"https://fsa.gov.kg/2024/08/26/%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C-1xbet-kg/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Licensing and permit information","publisher":"Financial Market Regulation and Supervision Service","url":"https://fsa.gov.kg/2025/04/01/%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%BE-%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8-%D0%B8-%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"la","name":"Laos","iso":"LA","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"South-eastern Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":2,"medium":2,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Advertising","text":"Promotion of illegal gambling through telecommunications is prohibited."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Penal Code, Article 141 forbidden gambling","publisher":"Lao Official Gazette","url":"https://laoofficialgazette.gov.la/kcfinder/upload/files/1Oct2020_Lao%20Penal%20Code_English%20version.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Law on Telecommunications","publisher":"Lao Official Gazette","url":"https://laoofficialgazette.gov.la/kcfinder/upload/files/Law%20on%20telecommuncation%20%28Enlish%20Version%29.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"lv","name":"Latvia","iso":"LV","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Northern Europe","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":18,"sources":3,"claims":8,"confidence":{"high":8,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Self Exclusion","text":"Interactive operators must accept self-exclusion requests and block people entered in the self-excluded persons register."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Gambling and Lotteries Law, current from 1 April 2026","publisher":"Latvian Official Gazette and State Language Centre","url":"https://m.likumi.lv/ta/en/id/122941-on-gambling-and-lotteries","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Official English consolidation of the Gambling and Lotteries Law","publisher":"Lotteries and Gambling Supervision Inspection","url":"https://www.iaui.gov.lv/en/media/1280/download?attachment=","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Licencētie azartspēļu organizētāji","publisher":"Latvian State Revenue Service","url":"https://www.vid.gov.lv/lv/licencetie-azartspelu-organizetaji","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"lb","name":"Lebanon","iso":"LB","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Western Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":2,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Unlicensed online gambling sites remain enforcement targets and are not a lawful consumer route."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Lebanon has no enacted general online-casino licensing framework; the Court of Audit found the existing Casino du Liban concession insufficient for online gambling."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"On 17 June 2025 a parliamentary subcommittee of the joint committees approved a draft law on online gambling; it has not been enacted, so there is no remote licence route."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Advisory Opinion 32/2023 on online gambling concession","publisher":"Lebanese Court of Audit","url":"https://www.coa.gov.lb/ar/advisories/61","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Subcommittee approval of draft online gambling law (17 June 2025)","publisher":"Lebanese Parliament","url":"https://www.lp.gov.lb/ContentRecordDetails?Id=34246","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"ls","name":"Lesotho","iso":"LS","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Southern Africa","model":"unclear","consumer":"restricted","licence":"not_established","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":1,"medium":1,"low":1},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Consumer access is restricted to licensed, designated gambling outlets under the reviewed business rules."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Lesotho licenses casinos and gambling businesses, but the reviewed official materials do not establish a remote casino product authorisation."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"No remote casino application category or internet-gambling permission was located in the official licensing materials."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Business Licensing and Registration Regulations 2020","publisher":"One-Stop Business Facilitation Centre","url":"https://businessregistrations.gov.ls/law/business-licensing-registration-regulations-2020.html","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Issuance of casino licences","publisher":"Government of Lesotho","url":"https://www.gov.ls/eservice/issuance-of-casino-licenses/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"lr","name":"Liberia","iso":"LR","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Western Africa","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":18,"sources":3,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":4,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"Regulation 001 sets 18 as the minimum gambling age."},{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Participation is restricted to authorised operators and minors under 18 may not gamble under Regulation 001."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"An online casino licence application route is available with ownership, technical, AML and KYC review."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Gaming Regulation 001","publisher":"National Lottery Authority","url":"https://nla.gov.lr/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Approved-Gaming-Regulations-001.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Resolution 005 revised fee schedule 2026","publisher":"National Lottery Authority","url":"https://www.nla.gov.lr/nla-announces-revised-fee-schedule-under-resolution-no-005/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Online gaming licensing for international operators","publisher":"National Lottery Authority","url":"https://www.nla.gov.lr/online-gaming-licensing/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"ly","name":"Libya","iso":"LY","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Northern Africa","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":1,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":0,"medium":2,"low":1},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Participation in prohibited gambling is exposed to criminal enforcement under the Penal Code."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Libya's Penal Code framework criminalises gambling operations and the official legislation catalogue shows no remote casino licensing law."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"No lawful remote casino licence route was established in the reviewed official legislation."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Penal Code","publisher":"Libyan Attorney General's Office","url":"https://attorneygeneral.gov.ly/legislation_category/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86/","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"li","name":"Liechtenstein","iso":"LI","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Western Europe","model":"licensed_restricted","consumer":"restricted","licence":"restricted","age":18,"sources":2,"claims":5,"confidence":{"high":3,"medium":2,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Online play is restricted to the statutory concession framework; the present moratorium leaves no new operator entry route."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"The legal concession category exists but applications are suspended until the end of 2028."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Liechtenstein law provides for online gambling concessions, but the government will not process applications through the end of 2028."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Gambling Act, consolidated 1 January 2026","publisher":"Liechtenstein Legal Gazette","url":"https://www.gesetze.li/konso/pdf/2010235000?version=10","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Online gambling moratorium through 2028","publisher":"Liechtenstein Office of Economic Affairs","url":"https://www.llv.li/en/national-administration/office-of-economic-affairs/gambling/online-gambling","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"lt","name":"Lithuania","iso":"LT","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Northern Europe","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":21,"sources":5,"claims":8,"confidence":{"high":8,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"The uniform minimum age for all gambling, including remote gambling, is 21 from 1 November 2025."},{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Consumers may use authorised sites; the regulator orders access blocking for unlicensed remote gambling."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"Operators need a remote-gaming licence, permit and approved game regulations."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Responsible gambling requirements effective 1 November 2025","publisher":"Lithuanian Gaming Control Authority","url":"https://lpt.lrv.lt/lt/atsakingas-losimas/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Gambling FAQ","publisher":"Lithuanian Gaming Control Authority","url":"https://lpt.lrv.lt/en/frequently-asked-questions/gambling/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Illegal gambling FAQ","publisher":"Lithuanian Gaming Control Authority","url":"https://lpt.lrv.lt/en/frequently-asked-questions/illegal-gambling/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"lu","name":"Luxembourg","iso":"LU","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Western Europe","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":6,"confidence":{"high":2,"medium":4,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"Casino games require ministerial authorisation and approved equipment under the premises-based rules."},{"label":"Responsible Gambling","text":"The reviewed framework relies on casino access and supervisory controls rather than a general remote-player regime."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Grand-Ducal Regulation of 12 February 1979 on authorised casino games","publisher":"Legilux","url":"https://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/rgd/1979/02/12/n1","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Penal Code, gambling offences","publisher":"Legilux","url":"https://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/code/penal/20220412/fr","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"mg","name":"Madagascar","iso":"MG","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Eastern Africa","model":"unclear","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_established","age":null,"sources":1,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":0,"medium":1,"low":2},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Madagascar introduced a gambling-regulation bill in 2026, but the official Assembly record reviewed shows it as a bill, not enacted law."},{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"The official bill record does not establish the current legality of consumer access to online casinos."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"No enacted remote casino licence route was verified; the issue remains for local-law confirmation against the pending reform."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Bill 019/2026 regulating gambling activities and gaming establishments","publisher":"National Assembly of Madagascar","url":"https://assemblee-nationale.mg/textes/projet-de-loi-n-019-2026-du-02-juin-2026-portant-reglementation-des-activites-liees-aux-jeux-dargent-et-des-etablissements-de-jeux/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"mw","name":"Malawi","iso":"MW","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Eastern Africa","model":"unclear","consumer":"restricted","licence":"not_established","age":18,"sources":2,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":4,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"The licensed platform excludes players under 18."},{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Consumers may access the regulated platform subject to operator controls and age verification."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"MAGLA licenses land-based casinos, sports betting, gaming machines and lotteries under the Gaming and Lotteries Act 2022; its register has no online-casino licence category."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"First licensed online casino platform in Malawi","publisher":"Malawi News Agency","url":"https://www.manaonline.gov.mw/index.php?id=7463%3Ajackpot-city-casino-introduce-first-ever-online-casino-platform-in-malawi&option=com_k2&view=item","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Malawi Gaming Board and National Lotteries Board mandate","publisher":"Malawi Public Sector Reforms Management Unit","url":"https://reforms.opc.gov.mw/node/38","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"my","name":"Malaysia","iso":"MY","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"South-eastern Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":21,"sources":13,"claims":23,"confidence":{"high":6,"medium":5,"low":12},"conflicts":2,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":{"label":"Legal-scope conflict","note":"Enforcement treats online gambling as unlawful, while the reviewed statutory material does not settle every online product and player-liability question."},"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"No licensed competitive remote casino framework was independently established; no categorical absence-of-licences statement is proved by the official materials reviewed. Federal gambling approvals remain tightly limited to existing licences; no online-casino licence category was identified."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"No legally authorised online casino product category could be independently confirmed from the cited official materials."},{"label":"Prohibited Products","text":"Government officials describe online-gambling enforcement and a statutory coverage gap; an express prohibition for all remote-casino products or player conduct is not established by the reviewed sources."},{"label":"Advertising","text":"MCMC/Parliament report action against internet gambling promotions; specific offence elements for casino advertising remain unresolved."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Common Gaming Houses Act 1953","publisher":"Negeri Sembilan State Government","url":"https://www.ns.gov.my/?catid=39&id=162&view=article","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Hansard on online gambling enforcement","publisher":"Parliament of Malaysia","url":"https://hansard.parlimen.gov.my/hansard/dewan-negara/2026-08-03?q=inflasi","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Betting Act 1953, Act 495","publisher":"Sarawak Attorney General's Chambers","url":"https://sag.sarawak.gov.my/web/subpage/webpage_view/84","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"mv","name":"Maldives","iso":"MV","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Southern Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":0,"medium":3,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"The official policy is prohibition, with no lawful casino consumer route identified."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"No remote casino licence route was established in the reviewed official sources."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"The government submitted a Penal Code amendment to expressly criminalise gambling and gambling establishments; no licensing system exists."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Penal Code Act 9/2014","publisher":"Attorney General's Office Maldives","url":"https://agoffice.gov.mv/en/galleries/awareness","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Penal Code amendment bill to criminalise gambling","publisher":"President's Office of Maldives","url":"https://presidency.gov.mv/Press/Article/35865","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"ml","name":"Mali","iso":"ML","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Western Africa","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":18,"sources":2,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":4,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"Law 96-021 Article 7 bars minors under 18 from casino premises; the age 21 in Article 5 applies to casino operators, not players."},{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"People who participate in games of chance not authorised by law face imprisonment and fines."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"The casino authorisation is expressly premises-based in an international-class hotel, not remote."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Law 96-021 authorising specified games in specialised establishments","publisher":"Mali General Secretariat of Government","url":"https://sgg-mali.ml/JO/1996/mali-jo-1996-04.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Penal Code 2024, gambling offences","publisher":"Mali General Secretariat of Government","url":"https://sgg-mali.ml/JO/2024/mali-jo-2024-21-sp.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"mt","name":"Malta","iso":"MT","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Southern Europe","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":18,"sources":3,"claims":7,"confidence":{"high":6,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Access is restricted to MGA-licensed services and verified adult accounts."},{"label":"Facts.Payments","text":"Licensed sites must provide responsible-gaming information before the first deposit and return deposits if a minor account is discovered."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"A remote B2C gaming-service application route is available through the MGA portal."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Remote gaming player protection FAQ","publisher":"Malta Gaming Authority","url":"https://www.mga.org.mt/faqs/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Remote Gaming Services licensing","publisher":"Malta Gaming Authority","url":"https://www.mga.org.mt/licensee-hub/applications/b2c-licences/remote-gaming-services/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Remote Gaming Services , B2C licence Game Types","publisher":"Malta Gaming Authority","url":"https://www.mga.org.mt/licensee-hub/applications/b2c-licences/remote-gaming-services/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"mh","name":"Marshall Islands","iso":"MH","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Oceania","subregion":"Micronesia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":1,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":2,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"The prohibition applies to natural and corporate persons and covers staking value on chance or uncertain events."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"The Marshall Islands prohibits gaming and gambling within the Republic, apart from non-profit bingo, raffles and cakewalks run under a local council permit; online casinos are banned."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"The Act creates no remote casino licence exception."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Gaming and Recreation Prohibition Act 1998","publisher":"Parliament of the Marshall Islands","url":"https://rmiparliament.org/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1998/1998-0064/1998-0064_1.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"mr","name":"Mauritania","iso":"MR","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Western Africa","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":1,"medium":2,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Online gambling sites are subject to prohibition and the government is preparing further criminalisation."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"No remote casino licence route was identified; the official 2026 initiative is an anti-gambling bill."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Mauritania is pursuing a prohibition framework and already reports blocking gambling sites; no licensed online casino market exists."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Prime Minister reviews anti-gambling and betting draft law","publisher":"Mauritanian News Agency","url":"https://ami.mr/en/archives/33804","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Government youth-protection committee reports gambling-site prohibition","publisher":"Mauritanian News Agency","url":"https://ami.mr/fr/archives/272919","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"mu","name":"Mauritius","iso":"MU","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Eastern Africa","model":"licensed_restricted","consumer":"restricted","licence":"restricted","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":4,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":{"label":"Future change recorded","note":"The Finance Act 2026 (Act No. 14 of 2026, assented 12 August 2026) adds B2C interactive gambling licences for online casino and sportsbook, plus B2B licences, to the GRA Act. The interactive gambling part of the GRA Act is still not in operation; no start date has been set."},"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"The GRA licenses casinos and prescribed digital gaming. The Finance Act 2026 adds B2C interactive gambling licences (including online casino) and B2B licences to the GRA Act, but the Act's interactive gambling part is still not in operation and no start date has been set."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Gambling Regulatory Authority Act 2007, consolidated","publisher":"Mauritius Gambling Regulatory Authority","url":"https://gra.govmu.org/gra/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/GRAAct-V-2022.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Licence categories and interactive gambling status","publisher":"Mauritius Gambling Regulatory Authority","url":"https://gra.govmu.org/gra/?page_id=1382","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"mx","name":"Mexico","iso":"MX","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"Central America","model":"licensed_restricted","consumer":"restricted","licence":"restricted","age":18,"sources":2,"claims":6,"confidence":{"high":5,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"Written permission from the Secretariat of the Interior is required and only listed activities may be authorised."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Federal Games and Draws Law","publisher":"Mexico National Legal Order","url":"https://www.ordenjuridico.gob.mx/Documentos/Federal/html/wo17048.html","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Regulation of the Federal Games and Draws Law","publisher":"Secretariat of the Interior Mexico","url":"https://www.ordenjuridico.gob.mx/Documentos/Federal/html/wo88470.html","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"fm","name":"Micronesia, Federated States of","iso":"FM","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Oceania","subregion":"Micronesia","model":"mixed","consumer":"restricted","licence":"not_established","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":0,"medium":2,"low":1},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Consumer legality depends on state law; Chuuk directly penalises intentional play and Pohnpei separately regulates limited activities."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Micronesia has state-level gambling rules rather than one verified national remote-casino regime; Chuuk broadly prohibits commercial gambling."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"No nationwide online-casino licence route was located in the federal and state materials reviewed."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Chuuk State Law 2-94-21 prohibiting gambling","publisher":"FSM Legal Information System","url":"https://www.fsmlaw.org/chuuk/code/title01/T12_CH28.htm","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Pohnpei Code, regulated activities and gambling","publisher":"Pohnpei State Legislature","url":"https://www.fsmlaw.org/pohnpei/code/pdf/pohnpei%20state%202012%20code.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"md","name":"Moldova","iso":"MD","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Eastern Europe","model":"monopoly","consumer":"restricted","licence":"exclusive","age":18,"sources":2,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":3,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Consumers may use only the authorised state-monopoly service; unauthorised remote gambling is prohibited."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"There is no commercial remote licence: the monopoly operator is not licensed through an open application route."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Electronic-communications gambling is a state monopoly operated only by the authorised state-capital entity."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Law 291/2016 on organisation and conduct of gambling, consolidated 2026","publisher":"Moldova Legislation Portal","url":"https://www.legis.md/cautare/downloadpdf/152647","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Electronic-communications gambling provisions","publisher":"Moldova Legislation Portal","url":"https://www.legis.md/cautare/downloadpdf/101135","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"mc","name":"Monaco","iso":"MC","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Western Europe","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":18,"sources":2,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":3,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Unauthorised gambling houses and public games of chance are criminal offences."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"The statutory authorisation model is premises-based and does not establish a remote licence."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Monaco's gambling authorisations are tied to named premises, tables and devices; no online casino authorisation is provided."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Law 1.103 of 12 June 1987 on games of chance","publisher":"Legimonaco","url":"https://legimonaco.mc/tnc/loi/1987/06-12-1.103/","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Penal Code Article 350","publisher":"Legimonaco","url":"https://legimonaco.mc/code/code-penal%402024.03.02","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"mn","name":"Mongolia","iso":"MN","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Eastern Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":3,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Online gambling services are treated as infringing sites and are restricted from access."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"No remote casino licence is available under the reviewed prohibition framework."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Mongolia prohibits casino business and blocks online-gambling domains."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Law on Licensing, prohibited business activities","publisher":"Mongolia Unified Legal Information System","url":"https://legalinfo.mn/en/edtl/15788","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Online gambling website blocking and prohibition enforcement","publisher":"E-Mongolia Academy","url":"https://ema.gov.mn/eng/archives/6117","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"me","name":"Montenegro","iso":"ME","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Southern Europe","model":"licensed_restricted","consumer":"restricted","licence":"restricted","age":18,"sources":2,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":3,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Consumers are restricted to authorised services; access to listed illegal gambling websites is blocked."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"A domestic online licence exists, but only for operators that already hold a Montenegrin land-based games-of-chance licence."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Montenegro allows online games of chance only as an add-on for operators that already hold a Montenegrin land-based licence, under the 2025 Games of Chance Act."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Law on Games of Chance 2025","publisher":"Government of Montenegro","url":"https://www.gov.me/dokumenta/92821f81-eede-40a1-a1fc-878e1c22e0a2","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Regulatory steps in games of chance sector","publisher":"Government of Montenegro","url":"https://www.gov.me/en/article/regulatory-steps-taken-in-games-of-chance-sector","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"ma","name":"Morocco","iso":"MA","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Northern Africa","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":18,"sources":1,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":1,"medium":2,"low":1},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Unauthorised casino gambling is not a lawful consumer channel; offences are aggravated where under-18s are drawn in."},{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"The Penal Code uses under 18 as the protected minor threshold for gambling-house offences."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Morocco criminalises operating a public gambling house without public-authority permission and provides no remote casino licence route."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Penal Code, gambling-house offences","publisher":"Morocco Ministry of Justice","url":"https://adala.justice.gov.ma/api/uploads/2025/04/03/Dahir%20n%C2%B0%201-59-413%20portant%20approbation%20du%20texte%20du%20code%20penal-1743685280109.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"mz","name":"Mozambique","iso":"MZ","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Eastern Africa","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":18,"sources":2,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":0,"medium":2,"low":2},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Lawful gambling access is tied to authorised premises, not unlicensed internet casinos."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Mozambique's verified casino framework is premises-based; no official remote casino licensing route was located."},{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"Casino participation is restricted to adults."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Foreign Exchange Law proposal, authorised gambling-premises winnings","publisher":"Assembly of the Republic Mozambique","url":"https://www.parlamento.mz/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Proposta_Revisao_Lei_-11_2009_Lei_Cambial_Conselho_Ministros.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Official Gazette record of licensed casino company operations","publisher":"Government of Mozambique","url":"https://www.portaldogoverno.gov.mz/index.php/por/content/download/5747/41528/version/1/file/BR_61_III_SERIE_2016.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"mm","name":"Myanmar","iso":"MM","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"South-eastern Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":2,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Online gambling accounts, payment accounts, SIM cards and advertising channels are actively blocked and prosecuted."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Myanmar treats online gambling operations as illegal and prosecutes them under the Gambling Law and Cyber Security Law."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"No general commercial remote casino licence route exists in the reviewed national enforcement framework."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Cyber Security Law and online gambling","publisher":"Myanmar Ministry of Information","url":"https://www.moi.gov.mm/nlm/sites/default/files/newspaper-pdf/2025-08/17_August_25_gnlm.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"National press conference on online gambling enforcement","publisher":"Myanmar Ministry of Information","url":"https://www.moi.gov.mm/moi%3Aeng/news/19789","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"na","name":"Namibia","iso":"NA","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Southern Africa","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":18,"sources":2,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":4,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":{"label":"No licence issued yet","note":"The Gaming and Entertainment Control Act 2018 provides for authorising online games (s.73), but no online game has been prescribed and no valid online licence has been issued so far."},"facts":[{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"The Act defines a minor as a person under 18 and excludes minors from gambling."},{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"The Act restricts gambling to licensed operators and to persons aged 18 or older; no online gambling licence has been issued so far."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"The Gaming and Entertainment Control Act provides for online-game licences, but online games only become lawful once prescribed by regulation under section 73, and no such regulation has been published."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Gaming and Entertainment Control Act 13 of 2018","publisher":"Namibia Legal Assistance Centre","url":"https://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Gaming%20and%20Entertainment%20Control%20Act%2013%20of%202018.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Gambling and Gambling Activities Regulations 2021","publisher":"Namibia Legal Assistance Centre","url":"https://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoREG/Gaming%20and%20Entertainment%20Control%20Act%2013%20of%202018-Regulations%202021-254.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"nr","name":"Nauru","iso":"NR","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Oceania","subregion":"Micronesia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":18,"sources":2,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":2,"medium":2,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Knowing participation in unlawful gaming or betting is an offence."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Nauru licenses specified gaming categories under the Gaming Act, while unlicensed games and betting remain offences."},{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"Licensed gambling is restricted to adults under the Gaming Act and regulations."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Gaming Act 2011","publisher":"Republic of Nauru","url":"https://nauru.tradeportal.org/media/ga201166.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Legislation administered and gaming licence categories","publisher":"Government of Nauru Revenue Office","url":"https://www.nauru.gov.nr/government/departments/department-of-finance/nauru-revenue-office/legislation-administered.aspx","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"np","name":"Nepal","iso":"NP","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Southern Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":3,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Playing or operating gambling is punishable by imprisonment or fine, subject to narrow lawful exceptions."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"Casino licences are tied to a named casino location in qualifying hotels, not remote services."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Nepal prohibits gambling and betting generally; licensed casinos are confined to approved tourist premises and do not create an online route."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Casino Regulations 2070","publisher":"Nepal Law Commission","url":"https://lawcommission.gov.np/content/12486/12486-casino-regulations-2070/","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"National Criminal Code section 125, gambling and betting","publisher":"Nepal Law Commission","url":"https://repository.lawcommission.gov.np/np/category/documents/prevailing-law/statutes-acts/page/18/","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"nl","name":"Netherlands","iso":"NL","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Western Europe","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":18,"sources":4,"claims":13,"confidence":{"high":7,"medium":6,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"Online casino suppliers need an Article 31a KOA licence; ancillary B2B suppliers do not receive that licence."},{"label":"Advertising","text":"Only licensed gambling services may lawfully advertise their authorised Dutch offer."},{"label":"Responsible Gambling","text":"High-risk gambling licensees must verify identity, age and the Cruks exclusion register before access."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Holland Casino remote gambling licence decision 2026","publisher":"Netherlands Gambling Authority","url":"https://kansspelautoriteit.nl/holland-casino-n-v","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Online gambling licence Q&A","publisher":"Netherlands Gambling Authority","url":"https://kansspelautoriteit.nl/vraag-antwoord-vergunning-online-kansspelen","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Addiction-prevention requirements","publisher":"Netherlands Gambling Authority","url":"https://kansspelautoriteit.nl/extra-eisen-verslavingspreventie","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"nz","name":"New Zealand","iso":"NZ","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Oceania","subregion":"Australia and New Zealand","model":"licensed_restricted","consumer":"restricted","licence":"restricted","age":18,"sources":5,"claims":13,"confidence":{"high":12,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":1,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":{"label":"Transition in force","note":"The 2026 Act uses staged commencement and interim exemptions. An auction result is a right to apply, not a licence."},"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"The capped licensing route uses an auction followed by suitability assessment and interim exemptions."},{"label":"Advertising","text":"During the transition, incumbent online casino providers must not advertise to people in New Zealand."},{"label":"Responsible Gambling","text":"Platforms must provide deposit, spend and time limits, breaks, time-outs and alerts."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Online Casino Gambling Minimum Standards 2026","publisher":"New Zealand Department of Internal Affairs","url":"https://www.dia.govt.nz/Online-Casino-Gambling-Minimum-Standards","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Online Casino Gambling Act 2026, ss 2, 9, 10 and Schedule 1","publisher":"New Zealand Legislation","url":"https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2026/0014/latest/whole.html","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Online Casino Gambling Regulations 2026, regs 5-6, 8, 12-14, 16-18, 38-45","publisher":"New Zealand Legislation","url":"https://www.legislation.govt.nz/regulation/public/2026/0169/latest/whole.html","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"ni","name":"Nicaragua","iso":"NI","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"Central America","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":18,"sources":1,"claims":6,"confidence":{"high":5,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"Internet operators must hold an operator title-licence and at least one operating permit."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Law 766, Special Law for the Control and Regulation of Casinos and Gaming Rooms","publisher":"National Assembly of Nicaragua","url":"https://legislacion.asamblea.gob.ni/gacetas/2011/7/g124.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"ne","name":"Niger","iso":"NE","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Western Africa","model":"mixed","consumer":"restricted","licence":"not_established","age":18,"sources":2,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":3,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"People under 18 are prohibited from gambling."},{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Consumers are restricted to authorised games and premises; illegal machines are seized and under-18 play is prohibited."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Niger regulates gaming rooms and casinos through LONANI, but at the snapshot its only online product is Parifoot, not online casino games."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Licensed gaming-room controls and minor restriction","publisher":"Niger Press Agency","url":"https://anp.ne/niamey-des-casinos-de-trottoir-dament-le-pion-aux-etablissements-en-regle/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"LONANI controls casinos and online games; only Parifoot sold online","publisher":"Niger Press Agency","url":"https://anp.ne/niger-la-loterie-nationale-a-effectue-un-chiffre-daffaires-de-plus-73-5-milliards-de-fcfa-en-2024/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"ng","name":"Nigeria","iso":"NG","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Western Africa","model":"mixed","consumer":"restricted","licence":"mixed","age":18,"sources":4,"claims":8,"confidence":{"high":3,"medium":5,"low":0},"conflicts":1,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"FCT online and remote casino activity requires the relevant approval or permit; a foreign primary licence is required for its offshore route."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Licensing and permit categories","publisher":"FCT Lottery Regulation Office","url":"https://lro.abj.gov.ng/licensing-and-permit-categories/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"List of approved gaming operators","publisher":"FCT Lottery Regulation Office","url":"https://lro.abj.gov.ng/list-of-approved-gaming-operators/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Remote/Offshore Operator Permit application guide","publisher":"FCT Lottery Regulation Office","url":"https://lro.abj.gov.ng/remote-offshore-operator-permitrop-application-guide/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"mk","name":"North Macedonia","iso":"MK","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Southern Europe","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":18,"sources":2,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":3,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"People younger than 18 may not participate in games of chance."},{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Participation is restricted to games operated under an issued licence or permit; participation in unlicensed games is prohibited."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"North Macedonia's gambling law regulates internet games of chance and requires a licence or permit for lawful operation."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Law on Games of Chance and Entertainment Games","publisher":"North Macedonia Ministry of Finance","url":"https://finance.gov.mk/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/Law-on-games-of-chance-and-entertianment-games.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Laws regulating the financial system: games of chance","publisher":"North Macedonia Ministry of Finance","url":"https://finance.gov.mk/mk-MK/zakoni-i-propisi/finansiski-sistem","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"no","name":"Norway","iso":"NO","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Northern Europe","model":"monopoly","consumer":"restricted","licence":"exclusive","age":18,"sources":14,"claims":25,"confidence":{"high":14,"medium":6,"low":5},"conflicts":4,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"Norsk Tipping holds Norway’s sole licence for real-money online casino; no competitive remote-casino licence is offered. Foreign operators do not receive a Norwegian remote-casino licence and may not target the Norwegian market."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"Norwegian Gambling Authority identifies Norsk Tipping as the only legal online-casino provider."},{"label":"Prohibited Products","text":"Other providers are not authorised to target the Norwegian market with online casino games."},{"label":"Advertising","text":"Norwegian Gambling Authority warns against marketing unlicensed foreign gambling towards Norway, including influencer promotion; rules for marketing of the exclusive legal operator need a separate check. Unlicensed foreign operators may not market online casino services toward Norway."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Lov om pengespill (LOV-2022-03-18-12)","publisher":"Lovdata","url":"https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/2022-03-18-12","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Forskrift om pengespill (FOR-2022-11-17-1978)","publisher":"Lovdata","url":"https://lovdata.no/dokument/SF/forskrift/2022-11-17-1978","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Blocking illegal gambling websites","publisher":"Norwegian Gambling Authority","url":"https://lottstift.no/for-spillere/blokkering-av-ulovlige-pengespillsider/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"om","name":"Oman","iso":"OM","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Western Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":1,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":3,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Playing any gambling game is punishable by imprisonment, a fine, or both."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"The reviewed Penal Code provides criminal prohibitions rather than a commercial remote-casino licence route."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Oman's Penal Code criminalises organising any gambling game; no online-casino licence route was identified."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Royal Decree 7/2018 issuing the Penal Code","publisher":"Sultanate of Oman legal portal","url":"https://qanoon.om/p/2018/rd2018007/","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"pk","name":"Pakistan","iso":"PK","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Southern Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":1,"medium":2,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Gaming in a common gaming house is an offence under the reviewed statute."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"The reviewed statute provides offences and enforcement powers, not a remote-casino licensing framework."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Pakistan's federal-territory gambling statute prohibits common gaming houses and gaming; no commercial online-casino licence route was identified."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Prevention of Gambling Act, 1977","publisher":"Government of Pakistan, Pakistan Code","url":"https://pakistancode.gov.pk/pdffiles/administrator48b15bbf10a56b9cafa2aecc7da033da.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Pakistan Code legislation index","publisher":"Government of Pakistan, Pakistan Code","url":"https://pakistancode.gov.pk/english/LGu0xAD?action=null&alp=P&page=1","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"pw","name":"Palau","iso":"PW","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Oceania","subregion":"Micronesia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":0,"medium":3,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Palauan citizens may not participate in the narrow offshore virtual-pachinko or internet-lottery exception."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"No general consumer-facing remote-casino licence route was verified; the narrow offshore exception must be inaccessible inside Palau."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Palau's criminal code broadly prohibits gambling, including poker, blackjack, dice games and slot machines, subject to narrow statutory exceptions."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Palau National Code","publisher":"Palau Code Commission","url":"https://www.palaulaw.gov.pw/palau-national-code","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Palau National Code Title 17: Crimes","publisher":"Republic of Palau, UNODC repository","url":"https://sherloc.unodc.org/cld/uploads/res/document/plw/1995/crimes_html/Title_17_-_Crimes.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"ps","name":"State of Palestine","iso":"PS","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Western Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":3,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":0,"medium":3,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Participation in unlawful gambling is punishable under the reviewed territorial penal provisions."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"No general remote-casino licence route was verified in either territorial penal framework; local legal review is required before publication."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"The State of Palestine has territorially divergent penal codes. The reviewed northern and southern provisions criminalise unlawful gambling premises and participation, with no verified online-casino licensing route."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Decree-Law No. 39 of 2022 on anti-money laundering and terrorist financing","publisher":"Palestinian Official Gazette","url":"https://maqam.najah.edu/media/uploads/2022/08/legislations/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8539%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9_2022%D8%B4%D8%A3%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%BA%D8%B3%D9%84_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Penal Code No. 16 of 1960 applicable in the northern governorates","publisher":"Palestinian Official Gazette legislation portal","url":"https://mjr.ogb.gov.ps/MergedLegislations/ViewText/26/","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Penal Code No. 74 of 1936 applicable in the southern governorates","publisher":"Palestinian Official Gazette legislation portal","url":"https://mjr.ogb.gov.ps/MergedLegislations/ViewText/200/","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"pa","name":"Panama","iso":"PA","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"Central America","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":18,"sources":2,"claims":7,"confidence":{"high":6,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"Internet operators require Gaming Control Board authorisation, approved systems and certified technical infrastructure."},{"label":"Responsible Gambling","text":"The regulator provides self-exclusion controls for gambling participants."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Resolution No. 11 of 6 March 2020: internet games of chance regulation","publisher":"Panama Ministry of Economy and Finance","url":"https://www.mef.gob.pa/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Resolucion-11-del-6-de-marzo-de-2020-JUEGOS-DE-SUERTE-Y-AZAR-A-TRAVES-DE-INTERNET.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Executive Secretariat of the Gaming Control Board","publisher":"Panama Ministry of Economy and Finance, Gaming Control Board","url":"https://www.mef.gob.pa/secretaria-ejecutiva-junta-de-control-de-juegos/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"pg","name":"Papua New Guinea","iso":"PG","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Oceania","subregion":"Melanesia","model":"licensed_restricted","consumer":"restricted","licence":"restricted","age":18,"sources":2,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":1,"medium":3,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Unlicensed online gambling is illegal; no locally licensed internet casino was identified at the snapshot."},{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"Licensed gambling is restricted to adults aged 18 or older."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"The Act allows approvals for internet gaming products, but no active general online-casino licence route was verified."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Gaming Control Act 2007","publisher":"Papua New Guinea legislation, PacLII","url":"https://www.paclii.org/pg/legis/consol_act/gca2007156.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism National Risk Assessment","publisher":"Bank of Papua New Guinea","url":"https://www.bankpng.gov.pg/sites/default/files/2025-11/Money%20Laundering%20and%20Financing%20of%20Terrorism%20%E2%80%93%20National%20Risk%20Assessment.pdf","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"py","name":"Paraguay","iso":"PY","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"South America","model":"licensed_restricted","consumer":"restricted","licence":"restricted","age":18,"sources":2,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":3,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Online casino participation is restricted to authorised offerings under CONAJZAR's rules."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"Online casino concessions are nationally regulated and ordinarily awarded through public tender; new modalities may begin provisionally."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Paraguay expressly recognises online casino as a nationally authorised gambling category subject to public concession."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Law 7438/2025 amending the gambling regime","publisher":"Paraguay National Congress Library","url":"https://www.bacn.gov.py/leyes-paraguayas/12694/ley-n-7438-2025-que-modifica-y-ampl-a-la-ley-n-1016-1997-que-establece-el-r-gimen-jur-dico-para-la-explotaci-n-de-los-juegos-de-suerte-o-de-azar","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Resolution 01/2019 on online casino licences and authorisations","publisher":"CONAJZAR","url":"https://www.mef.gov.py/sites/default/files/2024-10/archivo%20%285%29.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"pe","name":"Peru","iso":"PE","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"South America","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":18,"sources":2,"claims":5,"confidence":{"high":4,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Players may use authorised remote-game platforms; operators must verify identity and age at registration."},{"label":"Facts.Payments","text":"Payment gateways form part of the components that require authorisation, registration and technical certification."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"MINCETUR provides renewable authorisations for remote-game technology platforms and approved games."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Law 31557 regulating remote games and remote sports betting","publisher":"Peru Official Gazette and MINCETUR","url":"https://consultasenlinea.mincetur.gob.pe/casinos/archivos/2022LEY31557.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Online games and sports betting legal framework","publisher":"Peru Ministry of Foreign Trade and Tourism","url":"https://apuestasdeportivas.mincetur.gob.pe/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"ph","name":"Philippines","iso":"PH","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"South-Eastern Asia","model":"licensed_restricted","consumer":"restricted","licence":"restricted","age":21,"sources":3,"claims":5,"confidence":{"high":5,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"PAGCOR approves local gaming platforms, systems, games and contents before implementation."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Regulatory Framework for the Accreditation of Gaming System Administrators","publisher":"PAGCOR","url":"https://www.pagcor.ph/regulatory/pdf/GSRM/Regulatory%20Manuals/Regulatory-Framework-for-the-Accreditation-of-Gaming-System-Administrators.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Electronic Gaming Licensing Department","publisher":"PAGCOR","url":"https://www.pagcor.ph/regulatory/cegs.php","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Offshore gaming ban notice","publisher":"PAGCOR","url":"https://www.pagcor.ph/offshore-gaming.php","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"pl","name":"Poland","iso":"PL","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Eastern Europe","model":"monopoly","consumer":"restricted","licence":"exclusive","age":18,"sources":5,"claims":8,"confidence":{"high":8,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"Online casino gambling is restricted to people aged 18 or older."},{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Participation in illegal online gambling is prohibited; unlawful domains are blocked and payment providers must comply."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"No competitive online-casino licence is available; the state monopoly is exclusive, apart from separately permitted betting and promotional lotteries."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Gambling Act of 19 November 2009","publisher":"Poland ELI","url":"https://eli.gov.pl/api/acts/DU/2020/2094/text.html","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Gambling system in Poland","publisher":"Poland Ministry of Finance","url":"https://www.gov.pl/web/finanse/legalne-gry-hazardowe-przez-internet","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Rejestr domen służących do oferowania gier hazardowych niezgodnie z ustawą","publisher":"Poland Ministry of Finance","url":"https://www.gov.pl/web/finanse/rejestr-domen-sluzacych-do-oferowania-gier-hazardowych-niezgodnie-z-ustawa","tier":"Tier 3 Government"}]},{"id":"pt","name":"Portugal","iso":"PT","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Southern Europe","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":18,"sources":4,"claims":8,"confidence":{"high":8,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"Remote casino licences can authorise online slots, roulette, blackjack and other enumerated casino games by operator and endorsement."},{"label":"Responsible Gambling","text":"Licensed sites must provide self-exclusion, deposit and bet limits, time controls and responsible-gambling information."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Regulated online games and betting","publisher":"Portugal SRIJ","url":"https://www.srij.turismodeportugal.pt/pt/jogos-e-apostas-online/jogos-e-apostas-regulamentados","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Licensed online gambling entities","publisher":"Portugal SRIJ","url":"https://www.srij.turismodeportugal.pt/pt/jogos-e-apostas-online/entidades-licenciadas","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Legal protection for players","publisher":"Portugal SRIJ","url":"https://www.srij.turismodeportugal.pt/pt/jogo-responsavel/protecao-legal-ao-jogador","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"qa","name":"Qatar","iso":"QA","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Western Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":1,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":3,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Gambling participation is punishable by imprisonment, a fine, or both."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"The Penal Code prohibits organising gambling rather than establishing a commercial remote licence route."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Qatar's Penal Code criminalises gambling and organising gambling games; no online-casino licence route exists in the reviewed law."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Law No. 11 of 2004 Promulgating the Penal Code","publisher":"Qatar Ministry of Justice, Al Meezan","url":"https://www.almeezan.qa/EnglishLaws/Law%20No.%2011%20of%202004%20Promulgating%20the%20Penal%20Code.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"ro","name":"Romania","iso":"RO","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Eastern Europe","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":18,"sources":2,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":3,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Consumers are restricted to ONJN-licensed remote operators."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"Class I licences permit direct B2C remote gambling; Class II covers connected suppliers including payment processors."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Romania licenses business-to-consumer remote gambling through ONJN Class I licences."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Emergency Ordinance 77/2009 on organisation and operation of games of chance","publisher":"Romanian Ministry of Justice legislative portal","url":"https://legislatie.just.ro/Public/DetaliiDocument/111198","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Public register of gambling equipment and operator classes","publisher":"Romania National Gambling Office","url":"https://registru.onjn.gov.ro/alege-clasa","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"ru","name":"Russia","iso":"RU","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Eastern Europe","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":18,"sources":2,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":3,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Internet casino information and access are blocked through the unified prohibited-information register."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"No remote-casino licence is available; the online exception is limited to regulated bookmaker and totalisator interactive bets."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Russia prohibits organising and conducting gambling over the Internet, except regulated interactive bookmaker and totalisator bets."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Federal Law No. 244-FZ on regulation of gambling","publisher":"Russian legal information system","url":"https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_64924/d6fb3580fbd6ef3e662688c02af241894aa7f3a6/","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Gambling and lotteries using the Internet","publisher":"Federal Tax Service of Russia","url":"https://www.nalog.gov.ru/rn77/related_activities/adjustable/azartinternet/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"rw","name":"Rwanda","iso":"RW","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Eastern Africa","model":"licensed_restricted","consumer":"restricted","licence":"restricted","age":18,"sources":2,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":3,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Consumers are restricted to licensed operators under Law 58/2011 and RDB supervision."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"Online-casino market entry is selective: RDB invited expressions of interest while the new legal instruments were being prepared."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Rwanda's framework covers internet gaming, and RDB accepted expressions of interest for online casino under a redesigned licensing system."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Directives to Gambling Operators and Interested Parties","publisher":"Rwanda Development Board","url":"https://rdb.rw/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/Directives-to-Gambling-Operators-and-Interested-Parties.pdf","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Gambling Policy of Rwanda","publisher":"Rwanda Development Board","url":"https://rdb.rw/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Gambling-Policy-of-Rwanda.pdf","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"kn","name":"Saint Kitts and Nevis","iso":"KN","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"Caribbean","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":18,"sources":2,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":3,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Participation is restricted by minimum-age and exclusion-list controls."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"Operators may apply for internet-gaming licences subject to formation, probity, technical and compliance requirements."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Saint Kitts and Nevis licenses internet gaming, with a dedicated Nevis online-gaming framework enacted in 2025."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Gaming (Control) Act 2021","publisher":"Saint Kitts and Nevis Law Commission","url":"https://lawcommission.gov.kn/wp-content/documents/Annual-Laws/2021/ACTs/Act-11-of-2021-Gaming-Control-Act-2021.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Nevis Online Gaming legislation and regulatory framework","publisher":"Nevis Island Administration","url":"https://nia.gov.kn/nevis-island-administration-passes-legislation-to-launch-online-gaming-industry-diversify-economy-and-boost-revenue/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"lc","name":"Saint Lucia","iso":"LC","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"Caribbean","model":"unclear","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_established","age":18,"sources":2,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":1,"medium":3,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":{"label":"Remote scope unverified","note":"General gambling authority was identified, but a distinct operational remote-casino category was not verified. The operator model is therefore unclear."},"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Gaming and betting are restricted to appropriately licensed activities and minors are prohibited."},{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"People under 18 are prohibited from gaming and betting."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"The Act expressly licenses remote betting, but remote casino licensing remains unverified and requires local confirmation."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Gaming, Racing and Betting Act","publisher":"Saint Lucia Attorney General's Chambers","url":"https://attorneygeneralchambers.com/laws-of-saint-lucia/gaming-racing-and-betting-act/act","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Gaming, Racing and Betting Act section 13","publisher":"Saint Lucia Attorney General's Chambers","url":"https://www.attorneygeneralchambers.com/laws-of-saint-lucia/gaming-racing-and-betting-act/section-13-02","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"vc","name":"Saint Vincent and the Grenadines","iso":"VC","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"Caribbean","model":"unclear","consumer":"not_clearly_regulated","licence":"not_established","age":null,"sources":1,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":0,"medium":0,"low":3},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"The legal status of consumer access to offshore online casinos could not be established from controlling official material."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"No general remote-casino licence route was verified; company incorporation must not be treated as a gambling licence."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"No current official online-casino licensing framework was located in the reviewed Saint Vincent and the Grenadines legislation portal."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Acts and Bills portal","publisher":"Government of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines","url":"https://www.gov.vc/index.php/caribbean-regional-transformation-program-cardtp/47-acts-and-bills","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"ws","name":"Samoa","iso":"WS","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Oceania","subregion":"Polynesia","model":"licensed_restricted","consumer":"restricted","licence":"restricted","age":21,"sources":2,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":4,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"Gaming Control Act 2017 s8(1) prohibits gambling by anyone under 21, and the Casino and Gambling Control Act 2010 s57 bars under-21 casino play."},{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"All gambling outside the Act's permitted categories is prohibited and illegal."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"Interactive gaming requires a licence under the Casino and Gambling Control Act and is a restricted route."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Casino and Gambling Control Act 2010","publisher":"Samoa Office of the Attorney General","url":"https://www.ag.gov.ws/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Casino-and-Gambling-Control-Act-2010.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Gaming Control Act 2017","publisher":"Samoa Office of the Attorney General","url":"https://www.ag.gov.ws/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Gaming-Control-Act-2017.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"sm","name":"San Marino","iso":"SM","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Southern Europe","model":"monopoly","consumer":"restricted","licence":"exclusive","age":18,"sources":2,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":1,"medium":3,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Participation in games operated outside the authorised framework is punishable."},{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"Participation is restricted to adults aged 18 or older."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"No competitive private remote-casino route was verified; authorised gaming is administered through the State Gaming Entity."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Law 67 of 25 July 2000 governing games and betting","publisher":"San Marino Great and General Council","url":"https://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm/on-line/home/legislative-texts-in-english/docCat.17004463.1.150.20.html","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Law 143/2006 establishing the State Gaming Entity","publisher":"San Marino Great and General Council","url":"https://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm/on-line/home/archivio-leggi-decreti-e-regolamenti/scheda17016064.html","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"st","name":"Sao Tome and Principe","iso":"ST","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Middle Africa","model":"unclear","consumer":"not_clearly_regulated","licence":"not_established","age":18,"sources":2,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":0,"medium":3,"low":1},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":{"label":"Remote scope unverified","note":"General gambling authority was identified, but a distinct operational remote-casino category was not verified. The operator model is therefore unclear."},"facts":[{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"Casino participation is restricted to adults aged 18 or older."},{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"The reviewed law confines lawful games of chance to authorised concessions; consumer online status remains unclear."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"São Tomé and Príncipe regulates land-based casino concessions, but no controlling official online-casino regime was verified."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Law 1/2004 on games of chance","publisher":"São Tomé and Príncipe tourism authority","url":"https://admin.visitsaotomeprincipe.st/uploads/lei_1_2004_jogos_de_fortuna_ou_azar_d7225013bf.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Directorate of Inspection and Tourism Games","publisher":"São Tomé and Príncipe Tourism Directorate","url":"https://turismo.gov.st/fr/espace-institutionnel","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"sa","name":"Saudi Arabia","iso":"SA","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Western Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":3,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Online gambling content and activity are prohibited rather than licensed for consumers."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"No commercial remote-casino licence route exists in the reviewed Saudi framework."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Saudi law prohibits casinos and internet casinos; online promotion of gambling violating public morals is a cybercrime."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Anti-Cyber Crime Law","publisher":"Saudi Bureau of Experts at the Council of Ministers","url":"https://laws.boe.gov.sa/BoeLaws/Laws/LawDetails/25df73d6-0f49-4dc5-b010-a9a700f2ec1d/2","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Mutual Evaluation Report of Saudi Arabia","publisher":"Saudi Arabia AML Permanent Committee","url":"https://www.aml.gov.sa/en-us/MutualEvaluation/Mutual%20Evaluation%20Report%20-%20MENAFATF%20%28May%202010%29.pdf","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"sn","name":"Senegal","iso":"SN","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Western Africa","model":"monopoly","consumer":"restricted","licence":"exclusive","age":18,"sources":3,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":3,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"Gambling is prohibited for people under 18."},{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Consumers are restricted to official LONASE channels and authorised games."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"No private remote-casino licence route was verified; LONASE holds the national gambling monopoly."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Official legal documents and founding laws","publisher":"LONASE","url":"https://www.lonase.sn/documents-juridiques-officiels/","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Institutional mandate and monopoly","publisher":"LONASE","url":"https://www.lonase.sn/presentation/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Online products and responsible gaming FAQ","publisher":"LONASE","url":"https://www.lonase.sn/faq/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"rs","name":"Serbia","iso":"RS","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Eastern Europe","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":18,"sources":2,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":4,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"Minors may not participate in games of chance."},{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Consumers should use operators on the Administration's official list; foreign unapproved games are prohibited."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"A domestic approval route exists for legal entities meeting capital, technical and responsible-gambling requirements."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Law on Games of Chance, including 2024 amendments","publisher":"Serbia Games of Chance Administration","url":"https://uis.gov.rs/static/uploads/2753_Law_on_games_of_chance.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Official regulator and licensed-organiser guidance","publisher":"Serbia Games of Chance Administration","url":"https://www.uis.gov.rs/en","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"sc","name":"Seychelles","iso":"SC","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Eastern Africa","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":18,"sources":2,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":3,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Consumers using unlicensed interactive gambling are not protected under the Seychelles Gambling Act."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"A Seychelles-registered company may apply for an interactive-gambling licence, subject to FSA requirements."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"The Seychelles Gambling Act provides for FSA interactive-gambling licences, but only specifically licensed entities are lawful."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Gambling sector licensing FAQ","publisher":"Seychelles Financial Services Authority","url":"https://fsaseychelles.sc/media-corner/faqs","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Unlicensed interactive gambling activity notice","publisher":"Seychelles Financial Services Authority","url":"https://fsaseychelles.sc/media-corner/regulatory-updates/unlicensed-interactive-gambling-activity","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"sl","name":"Sierra Leone","iso":"SL","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Western Africa","model":"unclear","consumer":"not_clearly_regulated","licence":"not_established","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":0,"medium":0,"low":4},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":{"label":"Age not verified","note":"The age lead is low confidence and expressly subject to local confirmation, so it is excluded from the age total."},"facts":[{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"Gambling is restricted to adults aged 18 or older, subject to local confirmation."},{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Consumer access rules for online casino remain unclear pending a current Gaming Board law or licence register."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"No current primary-source remote-casino application route was substantiated."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Anti-Money Laundering and Combating Financing of Terrorism Act 2012","publisher":"Sierra Leone Parliament","url":"https://www.parliament.gov.sl/uploads/acts/ANTI%20MONEY%20LAUNDERING%20ACT%202012.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Finance Act 2024","publisher":"Sierra Leone Parliament","url":"https://www.parliament.gov.sl/uploads/acts/The%20Finance%20Act%2C%202024.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"sg","name":"Singapore","iso":"SG","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"South-Eastern Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":21,"sources":3,"claims":8,"confidence":{"high":7,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Participation in unlicensed remote gambling is an offence punishable by fine, imprisonment, or both."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"No commercial remote-casino licence route is available; remote permission is exclusive and tightly controlled."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Singapore prohibits unlicensed remote gambling; the sole licensed remote operator is Singapore Pools, whose licence does not create a commercial online-casino market."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Gambling Control Act 2022","publisher":"Singapore Statutes Online","url":"https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/GCA2022?ProvIds=pr11-","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Unlawful remote gambling activities","publisher":"Singapore Gambling Regulatory Authority","url":"https://www.gra.gov.sg/harm-minimisation/unlawful-remote-gambling-activities","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Unlawful Remote Gambling Activities","publisher":"Singapore Gambling Regulatory Authority","url":"https://www.gra.gov.sg/harm-minimisation/unlawful-remote-gambling-activities","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"sk","name":"Slovakia","iso":"SK","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Eastern Europe","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":18,"sources":2,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":3,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Consumers are restricted to Authority-listed legal websites; prohibited offers are blocked and sanctioned."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"Online-casino licences are available to eligible Slovak or other EU-member-state legal persons."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Slovakia licenses multiple internet casinos under Act 30/2019."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Gambling licence categories","publisher":"Slovak Gambling Regulatory Authority","url":"https://www.urhh.sk/licencie-2/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Legal online gambling websites","publisher":"Slovak Gambling Regulatory Authority","url":"https://www.urhh.sk/licencie-2/legalne-webove-stranky/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"si","name":"Slovenia","iso":"SI","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Southern Europe","model":"licensed_restricted","consumer":"restricted","licence":"restricted","age":18,"sources":2,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":3,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Consumers are restricted to Slovenian-concessioned sites; FURS can obtain access restrictions against unlicensed sites."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"The online route is concession-based and restricted rather than an open offshore licensing regime."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Slovenia permits online games only under a Government concession and publishes a register of casino concessionaires authorised online."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Caution regarding online games of chance","publisher":"Financial Administration of Slovenia","url":"https://www.gov.si/novice/2024-02-15-previdno-pri-spletnih-igrah-na-sreco/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Games of chance and concession registers","publisher":"Government of Slovenia","url":"https://www.gov.si/teme/igre-na-sreco/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"sb","name":"Solomon Islands","iso":"SB","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Oceania","subregion":"Melanesia","model":"unclear","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_established","age":18,"sources":2,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":1,"medium":3,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":{"label":"Remote scope unverified","note":"General gambling authority was identified, but a distinct operational remote-casino category was not verified. The operator model is therefore unclear."},"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Lawful gaming is restricted to activities authorised by the Gaming and Lotteries Board."},{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"Commercial gambling is restricted to adults aged 18 or older."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"No general remote-casino licence route was substantiated in the reviewed official materials."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Gaming and Lotteries Act regulations","publisher":"Solomon Islands Government Gazette","url":"https://solomons.gov.sb/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Gaz-No.-256-Sup-No.-196-Tuesday-30th-August-2022.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Obtain a Gaming/Lotteries License","publisher":"Solomon Islands Government","url":"https://solomons.gov.sb/ministry-of-home-affairs/essential-services/obtain-a-gaming-lotteries-license/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"so","name":"Somalia","iso":"SO","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Eastern Africa","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":1,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":0,"medium":3,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Participation in prohibited gambling is punishable under the Penal Code."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"The reviewed criminal framework provides prohibitions, not a remote-casino licensing system."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Somalia's Penal Code criminalises gambling houses and unauthorised games of chance; no online-casino licence route was verified."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Somali Penal Code","publisher":"Somalia legal repository, UNODC SHERLOC","url":"https://sherloc.unodc.org/cld/uploads/res/document/som/1962/penal_code_html/Somalia_Penal_Code_English.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"za","name":"South Africa","iso":"ZA","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Southern Africa","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":18,"sources":3,"claims":7,"confidence":{"high":7,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"Legal gambling is restricted to people over 18."},{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Consumers may not participate in interactive casino gambling; illegal winnings can be confiscated and investigated."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"No online-casino licence route is in force; provincial licences cover online bookmaking, not interactive casino games."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Online gambling enforcement guidance","publisher":"South Africa National Gambling Board","url":"https://www.ngb.org.za/industry-regulation/enforcement/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Frequently asked questions on legal gambling","publisher":"South Africa National Gambling Board","url":"https://www.ngb.org.za/faqs/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Frequently asked questions: online gambling and online betting","publisher":"South African National Gambling Board","url":"https://www.ngb.org.za/faqs/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"ss","name":"South Sudan","iso":"SS","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Eastern Africa","model":"licensed_restricted","consumer":"restricted","licence":"restricted","age":null,"sources":1,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":1,"medium":3,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":{"label":"Age not verified","note":"The source supports age verification but does not establish a numeric national online-casino threshold."},"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Consumers are restricted to licensed operators subject to transaction monitoring and age verification."},{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"The platform applies multi-factor age verification to protect minors."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"A restricted operator application and licence process exists, but the controlling statute and casino category were not located."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"National Communication Authority: Betting Control","publisher":"Government of South Sudan","url":"https://ncabc.gov.ss/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"es","name":"Spain","iso":"ES","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Southern Europe","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":18,"sources":3,"claims":5,"confidence":{"high":5,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":1,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"Operators must verify identity and age and prevent minors from accessing gambling."},{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Consumers are restricted to DGOJ-licensed operators and regulated games."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"Operators require a general licence plus game-specific singular licences; foreign licences alone are invalid."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Sentencia del Tribunal Supremo 2 de abril de 2024, RD 958/2020","publisher":"Boletín Oficial del Estado","url":"https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2024-10500&lang=es","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Authorised gambling","publisher":"Spain Directorate-General for Gambling Regulation","url":"https://www.ordenacionjuego.es/participantes-juego/juego-autorizado","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Gambling licences","publisher":"Spain Directorate-General for Gambling Regulation","url":"https://www.ordenacionjuego.es/operadores-juego/informacion-operadores/licencias-juego","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"lk","name":"Sri Lanka","iso":"LK","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Southern Asia","model":"unclear","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_established","age":21,"sources":1,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":1,"medium":3,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":{"label":"Remote scope unverified","note":"General gambling authority was identified, but a distinct operational remote-casino category was not verified. The operator model is therefore unclear."},"facts":[{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Sri Lanka's Gambling Regulatory Authority Act No. 17 of 2025 has been in force since 1 December 2025. It covers all gambling except specified state lotteries and repeals the Casino Business (Regulation) Act 2010 and the old Gaming and Betting Ordinances."},{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"Casino gambling is restricted to people aged 21 or older."},{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Gambling is restricted to authorised activities under the new Authority framework; commencement and licence details require confirmation."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Gambling Regulatory Authority Act No. 17 of 2025","publisher":"Sri Lanka Official Documents","url":"https://documents.gov.lk/view/acts/2025/9/17-2025_E.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"sd","name":"Sudan","iso":"SD","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Northern Africa","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":1,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":3,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Playing gambling is punishable by imprisonment, fine or corporal punishment under section 80."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"The reviewed law provides a general criminal prohibition and no remote-casino licence route."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Sudan's Criminal Act criminalises playing, organising and operating premises for gambling, including games of chance."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Criminal Act 1991","publisher":"Sudan Ministry of Justice","url":"https://www.moj.gov.sd/sudanlaws/epub/EPUB/xhtml/s53c19.html","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"sr","name":"Suriname","iso":"SR","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"South America","model":"unclear","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_established","age":18,"sources":1,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":1,"medium":2,"low":1},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":{"label":"Remote scope unverified","note":"General gambling authority was identified, but a distinct operational remote-casino category was not verified. The operator model is therefore unclear."},"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Consumers are restricted to games authorised under applicable permits and licence conditions."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"No general remote-casino licence application route was substantiated in the reviewed government material."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Suriname regulates games of chance through the Gaming Board, but no official online-casino licensing category was verified."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Gaming Board announcement and statutory remit","publisher":"Government of Suriname","url":"https://gov.sr/bekendmaking/bekendmaking-gaming-board/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"se","name":"Sweden","iso":"SE","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Northern Europe","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":18,"sources":13,"claims":22,"confidence":{"high":17,"medium":4,"low":1},"conflicts":3,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"Swedish licences for commercial online casino are available to qualifying remote operators."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"Commercial online casino licensing covers statutory casino games including electronic slots and table games."},{"label":"Prohibited Products","text":"Remote casino gambling directed at Sweden without the required licence is unlawful."},{"label":"Advertising","text":"Swedish gambling marketing must comply with statutory moderation and vulnerable-player safeguards."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Spellag (2018:1138), Swedish-language consolidated statute","publisher":"Sveriges riksdag","url":"https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-och-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/spellag-20181138_sfs-2018-1138/","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Gambling Tax Act (2018:1139), current legal guidance","publisher":"Swedish Tax Agency","url":"https://www4.skatteverket.se/rattsligvagledning/edition/2026.11/371250.html","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Online casino","publisher":"Swedish Gambling Authority","url":"https://www.spelinspektionen.se/spelare/spelform/onlinekasino/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"ch","name":"Switzerland","iso":"CH","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Western Europe","model":"licensed_restricted","consumer":"restricted","licence":"restricted","age":18,"sources":5,"claims":8,"confidence":{"high":7,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Consumers are restricted to authorised Swiss casino sites; access to unauthorised foreign sites is blocked."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"Online casino authorisation is restricted to licensed Swiss casinos rather than a general foreign remote-operator route."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Swiss land-based casinos may offer online games only after a Federal Council licence extension and FGB approval for each game."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Questions and answers","publisher":"Swiss Federal Gaming Board","url":"https://www.esbk.admin.ch/de/fragen-antworten/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Online gambling","publisher":"Swiss Federal Gaming Board","url":"https://www.esbk.admin.ch/en/online-gambling","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Unauthorised online games","publisher":"Swiss Federal Gaming Board","url":"https://www.esbk.admin.ch/en/unauthorised-online-games","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"sy","name":"Syria","iso":"SY","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Western Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":2,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Authorities block gambling and betting websites targeting Syrian users and treat the underlying activity as unlawful."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Syria's Penal Code defines and prohibits casino-style games including roulette, baccarat and poker, while authorities state online gambling violates applicable law."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"No remote-casino licence route was substantiated; the verified framework is prohibitory and enforced through website blocking."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Syrian Penal Code, Legislative Decree No. 148/1949","publisher":"WIPO Lex","url":"https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/ar/legislation/details/10918","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Syria blocks access to gambling and betting websites","publisher":"Syrian Arab News Agency","url":"https://sana.sy/en/syria/2323394/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"tj","name":"Tajikistan","iso":"TJ","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Central Asia","model":"mixed","consumer":"not_clearly_regulated","licence":"not_established","age":null,"sources":1,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":0,"medium":1,"low":2},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Tajikistan's Tax Code recognises and taxes gambling-business sites, but the reviewed official text does not establish a complete online-casino authorisation framework."},{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"The official tax provision does not clearly determine whether consumers may lawfully use online casino services."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"No operational remote-casino licence application route was substantiated from the reviewed official source."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Tax Code of the Republic of Tajikistan","publisher":"Tax Committee under the Government of Tajikistan","url":"https://andoz.tj/docs/kodex/Kodex_14_05_2025_Nav_ENG_en.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"tz","name":"Tanzania","iso":"TZ","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Eastern Africa","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":18,"sources":4,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":4,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"Gaming participation is restricted to adults aged 18 or older."},{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Consumers are restricted to Board-licensed gaming operators and regulated internet-gaming products."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"An Internet Casino Licence category and official application framework are available."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Gaming Act, Cap. 41, revised 2023","publisher":"Gaming Board of Tanzania","url":"https://gamingboard.go.tz/uploads/documents/en-1753987035-GAMING%20ACT%20CAP%2041%20RE%202023.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Gaming (Internet Gaming) Regulations, 2022","publisher":"Gaming Board of Tanzania","url":"https://www.gamingboard.go.tz/uploads/documents/en-1715420504-GN%20NO.%20478T%20THE%20GAMING%20%28INTERNET%20GAMING%29%20REGULATIONS%2C%202022.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Licensed casino operators","publisher":"Gaming Board of Tanzania","url":"https://www.gamingboard.go.tz/index.php/pages/casino","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"th","name":"Thailand","iso":"TH","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"South-Eastern Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":0,"medium":3,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Participation in prohibited gambling is unlawful; the reviewed official framework provides no lawful online-casino access route."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"The verified licensing rules concern limited scheduled games and do not establish a remote-casino licence category."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Thailand's Gambling Act prohibits listed casino games and similar games unless the government authorises an exception by Royal Decree; no online-casino exception was verified."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Ministerial Regulation No. 44 under the Gambling Act B.E. 2478","publisher":"Royal Thai Government Gazette","url":"https://ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/documents/177250.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Legal measures under the Gambling Act B.E. 2478","publisher":"Office of the Council of State of Thailand","url":"https://lawforasean.krisdika.go.th/File/files/1531771279.55f87242b1113a9e9af0a424034b05e7.pdf","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"tl","name":"Timor-Leste","iso":"TL","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"South-eastern Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"restricted","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":1,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":2,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"Ongoing online-gaming licensing procedures were cancelled and new licences prohibited."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Timor-Leste ordered cancellation of online gaming and betting licences and prohibited new licences, pending review of the governing legislation."},{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Consumer access is restricted because licensed online gaming operations were ordered cancelled; the resolution does not separately criminalise players."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Meeting of the Council of Ministers on October 1st 2025","publisher":"Government of Timor-Leste","url":"https://timor-leste.gov.tl/?lang=en&p=45449","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"tg","name":"Togo","iso":"TG","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Western Africa","model":"monopoly","consumer":"restricted","licence":"exclusive","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":2,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Consumers are restricted to games operated or validly conceded under LONATO's statutory monopoly."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Togo grants LONATO exclusive nationwide organisation and operation of lotteries and games of chance, expressly including casinos and interactive lottery."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"Remote or interactive gambling is exclusive to LONATO or authorised concessionaires; no open remote-casino licensing route was verified."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Decree No. 80/259 establishing LONATO's statutes","publisher":"Official Journal of the Togolese Republic","url":"https://www.jo.gouv.tg/sites/default/files/annee_txt/1980/Pages%20from%20jo_1980-031-10.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Law establishing LONATO's exclusive gambling remit","publisher":"Official Journal of the Togolese Republic","url":"https://www.jo.gouv.tg/sites/default/files/annee/1996/jo%201996-016.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"to","name":"Tonga","iso":"TO","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Oceania","subregion":"Polynesia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":1,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":2,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Playing a game of mere chance for money or other stakes is punishable by fine and possible imprisonment."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Tonga criminalises keeping a gaming house and playing games of mere chance for money; no online-casino exception was verified."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"The verified criminal framework provides no remote-casino licensing route."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Criminal Offences Act, Chapter 10.09","publisher":"Tonga Attorney General's Office","url":"https://ago.gov.to/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1924/1924-0010/CriminalOffencesAct_2.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"tt","name":"Trinidad and Tobago","iso":"TT","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"Caribbean","model":"unclear","consumer":"unclear","licence":"not_established","age":18,"sources":3,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":1,"medium":2,"low":1},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":{"label":"Remote market not yet live","note":"Parliament approved the Remote Gambling Order on 2 October 2026, but licensed online play had not started at the snapshot (launch reported for January 2027). The operator model is therefore shown as unclear."},"facts":[{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"The Act prohibits gambling by minors, defined as persons under 18."},{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Casino-style gaming is restricted to authorised activities under the evolving Commission framework."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Trinidad and Tobago enacted a licensing framework for gaming and betting in the Gambling (Gaming and Betting) Act, 2021. Legal Notice No. 700 of 2026 brought section 76 on remote gambling and Schedule 6 into force on 15 September 2026, and Parliament approved the Remote Gambling Order, 2026 by 2 October 2026 to permit remote gambling by licence holders; licensed online play was reported to start in January 2027."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Gambling (Gaming and Betting) Control Act, 2021","publisher":"Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago","url":"https://www.ttparliament.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/a2021-08g.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Act No. 8 of 2021 status and proclamation record","publisher":"Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago","url":"https://www.ttparliament.org/publication/the-gambling-gaming-and-betting-control-act-2021-2/","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Appointment of the Gambling Control Commission","publisher":"Ministry of Finance Trinidad and Tobago","url":"https://www.finance.gov.tt/media-release-appointment-of-members-to-the-first-gambling-gaming-and-betting-control-commission/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"tn","name":"Tunisia","iso":"TN","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Northern Africa","model":"unclear","consumer":"not_clearly_regulated","licence":"not_established","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":1,"medium":1,"low":1},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Verified casino access is limited to foreign non-residents using convertible currency; online consumer access remains legally unclear."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Tunisia licenses land-based gambling clubs for foreign non-residents, but no online-casino authorisation was substantiated in the reviewed official framework."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"No operational remote-casino licence category or application route was located."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Joint ministerial order governing licensed gambling clubs, 29 January 2026","publisher":"Tunisia Legal Databases","url":"https://legislation-securite.tn/latest-laws/arrete-conjoint-des-ministres-du-tourisme-de-linterieur-et-des-finances-du-29-janvier-2026-portant-sur/","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Decision No. 2018-09 on casino directors","publisher":"Tunisian Financial Analysis Committee","url":"https://legislation-securite.tn/latest-laws/decision-de-la-commission-tunisienne-des-analyses-financieres-ctaf-n-2018-09-du-5-avril-2018-portant-principes-directeurs-aux-directeurs-de-casinos-sur-la-detection-et-la-declaration-des-tran/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"tr","name":"Türkiye","iso":"TR","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Western Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":3,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":3,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Playing casino gambling attracts an administrative fine and confiscation of gambling proceeds."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"No private online-casino licence is available; statutory internet permissions concern authorised state chance games and betting, not casino gambling."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Türkiye prohibits operating physical or virtual casino gambling and treats provision through information systems as an aggravated offence."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Law No. 5583 amending Law No. 7258","publisher":"Official Gazette of the Republic of Türkiye","url":"https://resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/02/20070228-1.htm","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"2024 Activity Report","publisher":"Turkey National Lottery Administration","url":"https://www.mpi.gov.tr/files/faaliyet_2024.pdf","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Warning concerning virtual gambling sites","publisher":"Turkey National Lottery Administration","url":"https://www.mpi.gov.tr/files/yasadisikumar.pdf","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"tm","name":"Turkmenistan","iso":"TM","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Central Asia","model":"mixed","consumer":"restricted","licence":"not_established","age":null,"sources":3,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":1,"medium":1,"low":1},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Participation and organisation contrary to statutory gambling rules can attract administrative sanctions."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Turkmenistan lists gambling and money-game activity as licensable and recognises electronic interactive games, but no complete online-casino regime was verified."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"No official remote-casino application route or licence register was substantiated."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Code of Administrative Offences","publisher":"Mejlis of Turkmenistan","url":"https://www.mejlis.gov.tm/single-code/20?lang=ru","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Law addressing gambling and electronic interactive games in AML controls","publisher":"Mejlis of Turkmenistan","url":"https://mejlis.gov.tm/single-law/26?lang=ru","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Law on Licensing Certain Types of Activities","publisher":"Mejlis of Turkmenistan","url":"https://www.mejlis.gov.tm/single-law/51?lang=ru","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"tv","name":"Tuvalu","iso":"TV","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Oceania","subregion":"Polynesia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":18,"sources":1,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":2,"medium":2,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"Commercial gaming may not include a player under 18."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Tuvalu's current official statute permits gaming only under narrow equal-chance and no-house-payment conditions and makes gaming-machine play unlawful."},{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Participation in unlawful gaming is an offence; commercial online-casino access does not fit the verified statutory exceptions."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Gaming and Lotteries Act, 2022 Revised Edition","publisher":"Tuvalu Legislation Online","url":"https://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1964/1964-0004/1964-0004_2.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"ug","name":"Uganda","iso":"UG","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Eastern Africa","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":25,"sources":4,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":4,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"Uganda's regulator states that permitting a person under 25 to gamble is an offence."},{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Consumers are restricted to operators licensed by the National Lotteries and Gaming Regulatory Board."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"An online Casino Operating Licence is available through the Board's electronic application process."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"General information and underage gambling","publisher":"Uganda National Lotteries and Gaming Regulatory Board","url":"https://lgrb.go.ug/general-information/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Categories of licences","publisher":"Uganda National Lotteries and Gaming Regulatory Board","url":"https://lgrb.go.ug/categories-of-licenses/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Licensing process","publisher":"Uganda National Lotteries and Gaming Regulatory Board","url":"https://lgrb.go.ug/licensing-process/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"ua","name":"Ukraine","iso":"UA","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Eastern Europe","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":21,"sources":3,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":4,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"A player must be at least 21 years old."},{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Consumers are restricted to Ukrainian-licensed operators and must complete identification before gambling."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"Digital licence applications are available through the Diia portal for regulated gambling activities."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Responsible gambling","publisher":"PlayCity, State Agency of Ukraine","url":"https://playcity.gov.ua/vidpovidalna-hra","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Action against illegal gambling businesses","publisher":"PlayCity, State Agency of Ukraine","url":"https://playcity.gov.ua/news/playcity-zaklykalo-mizhnarodni-kompanii-zupynyty-spivpratsiu-z-nelehalnym-hralnym-biznesom","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Digital gambling licensing through Diia","publisher":"PlayCity, State Agency of Ukraine","url":"https://playcity.gov.ua/news/tsyfrove-litsenzuvannia-cherez-portal-diia-vzhe-dostupne","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"ae","name":"United Arab Emirates","iso":"AE","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Western Asia","model":"licensed_restricted","consumer":"restricted","licence":"restricted","age":21,"sources":9,"claims":18,"confidence":{"high":14,"medium":4,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"The GCGRA online-licence list names Coin Technology Projects LLC; specific licence grant-date and approved product/domain must be checked."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"Regulated internet gaming category expressly includes slots, roulette, blackjack, baccarat, craps, poker and bingo."},{"label":"Advertising","text":"GCGRA advertising must not target minors and advertisements must refer to the prohibition of underage gambling."},{"label":"Self Exclusion","text":"GCGRA describes a country-level Voluntary Self-Exclusion list distributed to licensed operators, with bans on accounts and marketing."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Summary of the Federal Law by Decree","publisher":"UAE General Commercial Gaming Regulatory Authority","url":"https://www.gcgra.gov.ae/media/cr4erajk/summary-of-the-federal-law-by-decree-for-website.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"GCGRA Advertising Standards for Commercial Gaming v1.0","publisher":"GCGRA","url":"https://www.gcgra.gov.ae/media/e1rncnez/gcgra-advertising-standards_26062024-aa-amendments-003.pdf","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"GCGRA Our Licensees , online internet gaming category","publisher":"GCGRA","url":"https://www.gcgra.gov.ae/en/licensing/our-licensees/","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"gb","name":"United Kingdom","iso":"GB","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Europe","subregion":"Northern Europe","model":"mixed","consumer":"mixed","licence":"mixed","age":null,"sources":20,"claims":21,"confidence":{"high":15,"medium":3,"low":3},"conflicts":3,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":{"label":"Territorial split","note":"Great Britain has a UKGC licensing regime and appears as a separate drilldown. Northern Ireland follows a distinct framework whose remote-casino position remains unresolved."},"facts":[{"label":"Licensing","text":"Great Britain requires a UKGC remote casino licence, while Northern Ireland has a distinct legal framework whose specific remote-casino licensing and consumer rules remain to be confirmed."},{"label":"Permitted Products","text":"A Great Britain remote casino licence authorises specified online casino games including slots and table games."},{"label":"Advertising","text":"UKGC-licensed Great Britain casino marketing must clearly disclose significant conditions and comply with marketing requirements."},{"label":"Self Exclusion","text":"Great Britain remote operators must participate in GAMSTOP self-exclusion."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Gambling Act 2005, section 4","publisher":"UK Parliament","url":"https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2005/19/section/4","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Betting, Gaming, Lotteries and Amusements (Northern Ireland) Order 1985","publisher":"UK Parliament","url":"https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisi/1985/1204/contents","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Gambling and young people","publisher":"UK Gambling Commission","url":"https://www.gamblingcommission.gov.uk/public-and-players/guide/gambling-and-young-people","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"us","name":"United States","iso":"US","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"Northern America","model":"mixed","consumer":"mixed","licence":"restricted","age":null,"sources":2,"claims":5,"confidence":{"high":4,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Consumer access depends on the player's location and applicable state or tribal law, with age and geolocation controls required in authorised state systems."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"United States online-casino legality is state-specific within overlapping federal, state and tribal controls; some states expressly authorise intrastate internet gambling."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"US remote casino licensing is state specific; Michigan officially lists regulated internet casino games, while no nationwide single casino licence exists."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Internet Gambling: An Overview of Federal Criminal Law","publisher":"Congressional Research Service","url":"https://www.congress.gov/crs_external_products/RL/PDF/97-619/97-619.7.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Authorised Michigan Internet Gaming and Sports Betting Platform Providers","publisher":"Michigan Gaming Control Board","url":"https://www.michigan.gov/mgcb/internet-gaming-and-fantasy-contests/authorized-online-gaming-and-sports-betting-platform-providers-in-michigan","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"uy","name":"Uruguay","iso":"UY","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"South America","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":3,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":3,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Online casino participation is prohibited; the only regulator-identified authorised internet platform is for sports betting, not casino games."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"No remote-casino licence route exists; authorities block unauthorised sites, payments and advertising."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Uruguay expressly prohibits casino games such as poker, roulette and slots when offered online or remotely."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Decree No. 366/017 on unauthorised online gambling","publisher":"Presidency of Uruguay","url":"https://www.gub.uy/presidencia/institucional/normativa/decreto-366017-reglamentacion-arts-244-245-ley-19535-relativos-bloqueo","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Illegal gambling enforcement","publisher":"Uruguay National Directorate of Lotteries and Quinielas","url":"https://www.loteria.gub.uy/juego_ilegal.php","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Illegal online gambling notice and legislation","publisher":"Uruguay National Directorate of Lotteries and Quinielas","url":"https://www.loteria.gub.uy/Comunicado_y_normativa_juego_online.php","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"uz","name":"Uzbekistan","iso":"UZ","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Central Asia","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":18,"sources":2,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":4,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"Participation in licensed internet games is restricted to people aged 18 or older."},{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Residents and non-residents aged 18 or older may participate in games organised under an Agency licence."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"Five-year internet-game licences are available under the Agency's detailed licensing regulation."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Presidential Decree No. PF-68 of 19 April 2024","publisher":"LEX.UZ National Legislation Database","url":"https://www.lex.uz/uz/acts/-6899273?ONDATE=20.05.2026+00","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Cabinet Resolution No. 814 implementing internet risk-game licensing","publisher":"LEX.UZ National Legislation Database","url":"https://lex.uz/en/acts/7257887?ONDATE=16.12.2025+00","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"vu","name":"Vanuatu","iso":"VU","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Oceania","subregion":"Melanesia","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":18,"sources":2,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":4,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"Interactive-gaming licensees must not allow anyone under 18 to play."},{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Consumers are restricted to approved games operated by licensed entities with regulator-approved systems."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"A government application route for an Interactive Gaming Licence is available to eligible applicants."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Interactive Gaming Act, Cap. 261","publisher":"Vanuatu Customs and Inland Revenue","url":"https://customsinlandrevenue.gov.vu/images/TAA/261-Vanuatu-Interactive-Gaming-Act.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Application for an Interactive Gaming Licence","publisher":"Vanuatu Customs and Inland Revenue","url":"https://customsinlandrevenue.gov.vu/images/Forms/rates_taxes_forms/Application_for_Interactive_Gaming_License_.pdf","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"ve","name":"Venezuela","iso":"VE","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Americas","subregion":"South America","model":"unclear","consumer":"not_clearly_regulated","licence":"not_established","age":18,"sources":2,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":1,"medium":1,"low":2},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"Minors may not enter casinos or bingo halls."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Venezuela's in-force casino law licenses physical casino establishments, bingo halls and slot machines, but does not establish a verified online-casino regime."},{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Access to licensed physical casinos is regulated, while the lawfulness of consumer use of offshore online casinos was not established from official sources."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Law for the Control of Casinos, Bingo Halls and Slot Machines","publisher":"Official Gazette of Venezuela via Justia","url":"https://docs.venezuela.justia.com/federales/leyes/ley-para-el-control-de-los-casinos-salas-de-bingo-y-maquinas-traganiqueles.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Venezuela Law for the Control of Casinos, Bingo Halls and Slot Machines","publisher":"WTO Import Licensing Procedures","url":"https://importlicensing.wto.org/content/law-control-casinos-bingo-halls-and-slot-machines","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"vn","name":"Vietnam","iso":"VN","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"South-eastern Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":3,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":3,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Participation in illegal gambling, including through the internet or electronic means, can attract administrative or criminal penalties."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"No online-casino licence route was substantiated; the verified casino certificate regime is premises-based."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Vietnam licenses tightly controlled land-based casino projects but treats unauthorised online casino gambling as illegal gambling."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Decree No. 03/2017/ND-CP on casino business","publisher":"Vietnam Ministry of Justice Legal Database","url":"https://vbpl.moj.gov.vn/nganhangnhanuoc/Pages/vbpq-toanvan.aspx?ItemID=118307&Keyword=","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Warning on technology-enabled illegal gambling","publisher":"Government of Vietnam","url":"https://xaydungchinhsach.chinhphu.vn/canh-bao-thu-doan-cong-nghe-hoa-hoat-dong-to-chuc-danh-bac-11926082709152665.htm","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Websites showing signs of online-casino violations","publisher":"Government of Vietnam","url":"https://xaydungchinhsach.chinhphu.vn/danh-sach-146-website-co-dau-hieu-vi-pham-phap-luat-119221209124321461.htm","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"ye","name":"Yemen","iso":"YE","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Asia","subregion":"Western Asia","model":"prohibited","consumer":"prohibited","licence":"not_available","age":null,"sources":1,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":2,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"A person caught gambling in a public place may be imprisoned or fined, with stakes and equipment confiscated."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Yemen's Crimes and Penalties Law defines gambling broadly and criminalises operating or organising gambling places; no online-casino exception was verified."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"The verified criminal law provides prohibition and penalties, not a remote-casino licensing route."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Crimes and Penalties Law No. 12 of 1994","publisher":"Yemen Ministry of Justice and Human Rights","url":"https://www.moj.gov.ye/LawsMD/16","tier":"Tier 1 Law"}]},{"id":"zm","name":"Zambia","iso":"ZM","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Eastern Africa","model":"unclear","consumer":"not_clearly_regulated","licence":"not_established","age":null,"sources":3,"claims":3,"confidence":{"high":0,"medium":1,"low":2},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Zambia licenses premises-based casinos, but the reviewed statutes and Ministry materials do not establish an online-casino category."},{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Lawful casino play is tied to licensed premises; the legal status of offshore online play was not clearly established."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"No operational remote-casino application route or licence register was substantiated."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Casino Act, Chapter 157","publisher":"National Assembly of Zambia","url":"https://www.parliament.gov.zm/sites/default/files/documents/acts/Casino%20Act.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Casino sector AML/CFT guidance","publisher":"Zambia Financial Intelligence Centre","url":"https://www.fic.gov.zm/component/attachments/download/136","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Casino licensing","publisher":"Zambia Ministry of Tourism","url":"https://www.mot.gov.zm/?page_id=709","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"zw","name":"Zimbabwe","iso":"ZW","scope":"sovereign","role":"headline","parent":"","region":"Africa","subregion":"Eastern Africa","model":"licensed_restricted","consumer":"restricted","licence":"restricted","age":18,"sources":4,"claims":4,"confidence":{"high":2,"medium":2,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"The Lotteries and Gaming Board states that online and land-based gambling are restricted to people aged 18 or older."},{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Consumers are restricted to licensed gambling facilities and websites; unlicensed lotteries or gaming are offences."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"Virtual casinos are recognised in law, but no public general remote-casino application procedure was verified."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Lotteries and Gaming Act, Chapter 10:26","publisher":"Zimbabwe Legal Information Institute","url":"https://zimlii.org/akn/zw/act/1998/26/eng%402016-12-31","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Finance Act 2025 provisions defining virtual casinos","publisher":"Zimbabwe Legal Information Institute","url":"https://zimlii.org/akn/zw/act/2025/7/eng%402025-12-29/source","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Responsible gambling and online-gambling age","publisher":"Zimbabwe Lotteries and Gaming Board","url":"https://www.lgb.co.zw/gambling","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"great-britain","name":"Great Britain","iso":"","scope":"special_region","role":"drilldown","parent":"gb","region":"Europe","subregion":"Northern Europe","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":18,"sources":3,"claims":6,"confidence":{"high":6,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"Online gambling and casino play are restricted to people aged 18 or older."},{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Players in England, Scotland and Wales are restricted to operators licensed by the Gambling Commission."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"A remote casino operating licence is available to domestic and overseas applicants."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Gambling and young people","publisher":"UK Gambling Commission","url":"https://www.gamblingcommission.gov.uk/public-and-players/guide/gambling-and-young-people","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Remote casino operating licence","publisher":"UK Gambling Commission","url":"https://www.gamblingcommission.gov.uk/licensees-and-businesses/licences-and-fees/remote-casino-operating-licence","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Remote casino operating licence","publisher":"UK Gambling Commission","url":"https://www.gamblingcommission.gov.uk/licensees-and-businesses/licences-and-fees/remote-casino-operating-licence","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"greenland","name":"Greenland","iso":"GL","scope":"territory","role":"drilldown","parent":"dk","region":"Europe","subregion":"Northern Europe","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":18,"sources":5,"claims":7,"confidence":{"high":7,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Responsible Gambling","text":"For Greenland player information that is legally required in Danish, operators generally must make lasting information also available in Greenlandic, subject to regulator exemption."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Executive Order No. 683 for Greenland on online casino","publisher":"Danish Gambling Authority","url":"https://spillemyndigheden.dk/love-og-bekendtgoerelser/bekendtgoerelse-nr-683","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Language and player-information requirements for Greenland","publisher":"Danish Gambling Authority","url":"https://spillemyndigheden.dk/virksomheder-og-foreninger/spil-i-groenland/sprogkrav-til-udbud-af-spil-i-groenland","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Gambling in Greenland","publisher":"Danish Gambling Authority","url":"https://spillemyndigheden.dk/en-us/businesses-and-associations/gambling-in-greenland","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"de-sh","name":"Schleswig-Holstein","iso":"DE-SH","scope":"state","role":"drilldown","parent":"de","region":"Europe","subregion":"Western Europe","model":"licensed_restricted","consumer":"restricted","licence":"restricted","age":18,"sources":3,"claims":6,"confidence":{"high":5,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Consumers may participate only with authorised providers; participation in unauthorised gambling can be criminally relevant."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"State online-casino permissions are restricted and issued by the Interior Ministry; other online products fall under the interstate authority."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Schleswig-Holstein authorises four named providers to offer online casino table games within the state."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Online casino authorised providers","publisher":"Schleswig-Holstein Ministry of the Interior","url":"https://www.schleswig-holstein.de/DE/fachinhalte/G/gluecksspiel/_documents/online-casino","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Gambling regulation in Schleswig-Holstein","publisher":"Schleswig-Holstein Ministry of the Interior","url":"https://www.schleswig-holstein.de/DE/landesregierung/themen/inneres-sicherheit-verwaltung/gluecksspielwesen","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"GGL whitelist , Schleswig-Holstein online casino table games","publisher":"GGL Germany","url":"https://www.gluecksspiel-behoerde.de/de/fuer-spielende/uebersicht-erlaubter-anbieter-whitelist","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"ca-ab","name":"Alberta","iso":"CA-AB","scope":"province","role":"drilldown","parent":"ca","region":"Americas","subregion":"Northern America","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":18,"sources":4,"claims":6,"confidence":{"high":5,"medium":1,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Consumers are restricted to approved platforms whose operators are registered with AGLC and contracted with the Alberta iGaming Corporation."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"Operators can enter through AGLC registration followed by a commercial agreement with AiGC."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Alberta's expanded iGaming market permits registered private operators to conduct online gaming from 13 July 2026."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Gaming legislation and policies","publisher":"Alberta Gaming, Liquor and Cannabis","url":"https://aglc.ca/gaming/gaming-legislation-policies?page=0","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Alberta iGaming market","publisher":"Alberta Gaming, Liquor and Cannabis","url":"https://aglc.ca/igaming","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Standards and Requirements for Internet Gaming","publisher":"Alberta Gaming, Liquor and Cannabis","url":"https://aglc.ca/documents/standards-and-requirements-internet-gaming","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"us-mi","name":"Michigan","iso":"US-MI","scope":"state","role":"drilldown","parent":"us","region":"Americas","subregion":"Northern America","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":21,"sources":4,"claims":6,"confidence":{"high":6,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Minimum Age","text":"An authorised internet-gaming participant must be at least 21 years old."},{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Players must use MGCB-authorised sites and be physically located within the permitted Michigan boundary when wagering."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"Internet gaming operator licences are available to eligible Michigan commercial casinos and federally recognised tribes under the Act."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Lawful Internet Gaming Act","publisher":"Michigan Gaming Control Board","url":"https://www.michigan.gov/-/media/Project/Websites/mgcb/Internet-Gaming-and-Fantasy-Contests/ActsandRules/Lawful_Internet_Gaming_Act_PA_152_of_2019.pdf","tier":"Tier 1 Law"},{"title":"Legal versus illegal gaming","publisher":"Michigan Gaming Control Board","url":"https://www.michigan.gov/mgcb/resources/legal-vs-illegal-gaming","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"},{"title":"Authorised online gaming platform providers","publisher":"Michigan Gaming Control Board","url":"https://www.michigan.gov/mgcb/internet-gaming-and-fantasy-contests/authorized-online-gaming-and-sports-betting-platform-providers-in-michigan","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"de-by","name":"Bavaria","iso":"DE-BY","scope":"state","role":"drilldown","parent":"de","region":"Europe","subregion":"Western Europe","model":"licensed_restricted","consumer":"unclear","licence":"restricted","age":null,"sources":1,"claims":2,"confidence":{"high":0,"medium":2,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"German regulator names Bavaria and Schleswig-Holstein as Länder issuing permits for online casino table games; separate from virtual slot licences."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"Bavarian online casino table-game permissions follow state-level rather than cross-state slot jurisdiction."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"GGL FAQ , Bavaria and Schleswig-Holstein table-game licences","publisher":"GGL Germany","url":"https://gluecksspiel-behoerde.de/de/fuer-spielende/informationen-fuer-spielende-faqs?id=41&view=category","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]},{"id":"ca-on","name":"Ontario","iso":"CA-ON","scope":"province","role":"drilldown","parent":"ca","region":"Americas","subregion":"Northern America","model":"licensed_open","consumer":"restricted","licence":"available","age":19,"sources":1,"claims":5,"confidence":{"high":5,"medium":0,"low":0},"conflicts":0,"coverage":"claim_backed","overlay":null,"facts":[{"label":"Consumer Access Status","text":"Adults aged 19 or older may use Ontario's regulated online-casino channel while physically located in the province; offshore criminal liability is not resolved by this claim."},{"label":"Online Casino Status","text":"Ontario lists many legal regulated online casinos under a province-specific iGaming regime."},{"label":"Remote Licence Status","text":"Private iGaming operators can participate through Ontario registration and iGaming Ontario contractual channel."}],"primary_sources":[{"title":"Regulated iGaming market directory (Ontario, 1 Sep 2026)","publisher":"iGaming Ontario","url":"https://www.igamingontario.ca/en/player/regulated-igaming-market","tier":"Tier 2 Regulator"}]}]